Civil Liability — Philippine Legal Questions Answered

A defect in a building's construction injured me - can I sue the engineer, architect, or contractor, and is there a time limit?
A father unjustly refuses to support his child - can a third person provide the support and recover from him?
A flood mixed my movables with my neighbor's - how is ownership sorted out?
Can I be sued for exercising a right in bad faith?
Can I add my father's years of possession to mine to complete the period for acquiring the land?
The criminal who robbed and hurt me was convicted with proven aggravating circumstances — can those circumstances increase the amount of damages I recover?
I was hit by a negligent driver and suffered complications no one could have predicted — is the driver still liable for those unforeseen consequences?
If the owner of property I found claims it in time, am I entitled to a reward?
Can I be liable for a fortuitous loss if by stepping in I prevented a more competent person from managing?
If I manage someone's affairs without being asked and I am negligent, am I liable for the damage?
I signed contracts while managing someone else's business without authority - am I personally liable to the people I dealt with?
If the defendant clearly behaved outrageously, am I entitled to exemplary damages as a matter of right?
Are mere members of an illegal criminal association punished less severely than the founders and officers?
Is the crime of slavery punished more severely when the purpose is to assign the victim to immoral traffic?
Am I entitled to damages if another passenger attacked me while riding a bus?
I was sued in a case that was clearly baseless and the court dismissed it — can I recover the attorney's fees I spent defending myself?
The insurance company refused to pay my plainly valid claim in clear bad faith and forced me to sue — can I recover attorney's fees from them?
I had to file a case in court just to compel someone to give me the support I am legally entitled to — can the court make them pay my attorney's fees?
My household helper had to sue me for unpaid wages — can the court award her attorney's fees even without a stipulation in our contract?
I was subjected to a malicious criminal prosecution that was eventually dismissed — can I recover the legal fees I incurred defending against it?
The court is granting exemplary damages in my case — does that also automatically allow me to recover my attorney's fees?
My contractor abandoned the project in bad faith and left my house unfinished — can I recover moral damages on top of actual loss?
A competitor spread false negative information about my business and damaged my commercial reputation — can I recover damages for the harm to my business standing?
Can a civil case for damages proceed independently of the related criminal case?
Can a court add interest to a damages award even if it was not asked for a fixed rate?
Can a court require a person who threatened me to post a bond not to molest me, and what if he refuses?
Can a court reduce a penalty clause in my contract if the amount is too harsh?
Can a place repeatedly used for drug dealing be declared a public nuisance and shut down?
Can a private individual bring a court action because of a public nuisance, even though the nuisance affects the community generally?
Can a public officer suspended from his office hold another office with similar functions during the suspension?
If an accomplice paid more than his share of the civil liability, can he sue the others to recover?
Can a public officer leave the Philippines without securing a certificate from the Commission on Audit confirming accounts are settled?
Can an appointive public officer invest in or speculate on a business within the territory subject to his jurisdiction while still in office?
Can the court add interest on top of the damages it awards me for breach of contract?
In a quasi-delict case like a road accident, can the court include interest as part of my damages?
Can an executive officer address orders or suggestions to a court about a case within the court's exclusive jurisdiction?
Can a court award exemplary damages by themselves, or only added on top of other damages?
Can the family of a deceased person sue someone who showed disrespect to the dead or disrupted the funeral?
Can someone acquire government land by occupying it long enough?
Can I be liable for accidental loss of property I took over managing if I was manifestly unfit to do so?
Can I be punished for refusing to produce books or documents when required by a congressional committee?
Can I be sued if I step in to stop a man from beating his wife?
Can I claim damages under the Civil Code for a work-related injury, death or illness, or do special laws govern that?
Can I claim money damages from my abuser under the VAWC law?
Can I claim lost profits, not just my actual out-of-pocket loss, as damages?
Can I claim compensation for the pain, anxiety, and trauma I suffered from an accident, not just my hospital bills?
Can I get damages even if I cannot show I actually lost any money?
Can I get my stolen property back from someone who bought it without knowing?
Am I allowed to personally remove or destroy something that constitutes a private nuisance on my property?
Can I make the person who wronged me pay for the lawyer I had to hire to sue them?
Can I compromise the civil liability from a crime, and does that extinguish the criminal case?
If a nuisance has already been removed or abated, can I still sue to recover damages for the harm it caused while it existed?
Can I still sue for damages after the accused was acquitted on reasonable doubt?
If the court awards me only nominal damages, can I go back later and sue for the real loss?
Can I sue someone for damages if we had no contract?
Can I sue someone who is using my full name and surname without my permission?
Can I sue someone whose act was legal but done deliberately to harm me against good morals?
Can a government collector be criminally charged for demanding a fee larger than what the law authorizes?
Can a public officer legally prevent someone from sending a petition to the government for redress of grievances?
Can a public officer lawfully stop or dissolve a peaceful meeting without any legal ground?
Can a public officer be charged for revealing secrets that came to his knowledge by reason of his official position?
Can someone who induces another to disobey a congressional summons be charged under the same article?
Can a government tax collector be criminally charged for voluntarily failing to issue a receipt for a collection?
Can the courts stop thoughtless or lavish spending during a public emergency?
I know I suffered a financial loss from someone's negligence but I can't pin down the exact amount — can I still be awarded damages?
I sued the occupant but the case was dismissed — does the time it took still interrupt his prescription?
Can I file a civil case for damages arising from a criminal act even if no criminal case has been filed at the same time?
Did the Civil Code's rules on filing a separate civil case for defamation, fraud, or physical injuries apply to lawsuits already pending when the Code took effect?
The Civil Code's chapter on damages — does it only cover tort cases, or does it apply to all kinds of legal obligations, including contracts and crimes?
The accused and I agreed to settle the civil damages arising from the crime committed against me - does that also stop the criminal prosecution?
I was convicted of a crime and the victim wants civil damages — is that governed by the Civil Code or the Penal Code?
I have receipts for some of my medical bills but not for my lost income during recovery — can a court award actual damages for what I can prove and temperate damages for the rest in the same case?
Besides what I actually spent, can I claim the income I would have earned if the damage had not happened?
A newly built canopy collapsed and injured a tenant — can the engineer or contractor be held liable even without a criminal case?
I was partly at fault in the accident that injured me — does my own carelessness bar me entirely from recovering damages, or does it only reduce them?
If my legal right was clearly violated but I can't prove I actually lost any money, can the court still award me something?
Can the court cut down my damages because I also broke part of the same contract?
My debtor refuses to invoke prescription against his own creditor — can I raise it for him?
The shop next door pumps out smoke that is damaging my house — can I claim damages for it?
Someone defrauded me in a contract — is the defendant liable for all losses that resulted, even those that were not foreseeable when the contract was made?
I was injured in an accident and could not operate my small business for months — can I claim the income I would have earned during that time as part of my damages?
My contractor walked off the job — can I claim every loss that followed, or only the foreseeable ones?
I offered to settle before the trial but the other side refused - can the court reduce the damages I must pay because I tried to compromise?
My friend borrowed money years ago on a signed promissory note and still hasn't paid — how long do I have before I lose the right to sue?
How long do I have to file an ejectment case against someone who took over my property?
How long do I have to file a case to recover land somebody else is occupying?
Someone publicly slandered me — how long do I have to file a civil case over it?
We only shook hands on the deal — how long do I have to sue on a purely verbal agreement?
The person who killed my brother in a road accident presented mitigating circumstances in the criminal case — does that reduce the minimum civil indemnity for death below the statutory floor?
My partner who supported me financially was killed through someone's negligence — even though I am not his legal heir, can I claim ongoing support from the person responsible?
A provincial bridge collapsed because it was not maintained and my vehicle fell through — can I sue the province for my losses?
Part of the ceiling in a city hall collapsed and hit me — is the city government liable for my injuries?
The defendant says he only acted on his lawyer's advice — does that spare him from exemplary damages?
The person keeping my goods used them without my permission - is he liable for any damage that results?
Do aggravating circumstances in a criminal case raise the civil damages awarded to the victim?
Do the rules on fraud and negligence in contracts also apply to an ordinary accident?
Does a carrier escape liability if the passenger was also careless?
Does battered woman syndrome erase civil liability too, or only criminal liability?
When a sentence is commuted, does the new sentence legally replace the original one?
Does the consent of the offended party eliminate criminal liability for acts of lasciviousness covered by Article 339?
Does the crime of failure to render accounts still apply to a public officer who has already resigned?
Does filing a case and having the occupant served with summons stop his prescription clock?
If I send a formal demand letter to someone who owes me money, does that stop the countdown on how long I have to sue them?
Does indemnification for a crime cover the earnings the victim's family lost?
Does my own carelessness reduce what I can recover from the person who hurt me?
One co-owner completed the possession needed to acquire the land — do the other co-owners share in it?
If pardoned for the principal penalty, does perpetual absolute disqualification also disappear automatically?
I was a child when someone took over our land — did the prescription clock still run against me?
Does a sentence of prision mayor take away the right to vote even after the offender is pardoned?
Does the penalty of suspension from public office also bar the offender from voting?
What factors must a court consider when fixing the amount of a fine within the limits set by law?
Does unpaid interest itself start earning interest, and from when?
The driver who hit my car was never criminally charged — can I still sue him separately for the damage he caused?
The other driver was beating a red light when we collided — does that make him presumed negligent?
A delivery driver ran a red light and hit my motorcycle while on duty — can I go after his employer instead of just him?
My employee injured someone while on duty — can I escape liability by proving I was careful in selecting and supervising him?
My boss publicly humiliated me in front of my coworkers over a minor mistake — do I have any legal recourse for that?
If I'm forced to pay for damage my employee caused, can I later recover that amount from the employee himself?
If someone is convicted of estafa for cheating me out of money, do I still need to file a separate case to make them pay it back?
A company deliberately breached our contract in an oppressive and wanton manner — can the court award exemplary damages in a contract dispute?
The other party to my contract acted fraudulently and oppressively — can I get exemplary damages on a contract claim?
Can I get extra 'punitive' damages if the other party acted in bad faith in breaching our contract?
Can a crime victim be awarded exemplary damages, and does that money go to the victim or the government?
The criminal who attacked me was convicted with aggravating circumstances — can the court award me exemplary damages on top of the civil indemnity?
I am suing for damages from an accident — am I automatically entitled to exemplary damages, or is it entirely up to the court?
Can a court award exemplary damages on their own if I cannot establish any other kind of damages?
A poorly maintained machine exploded next door and wrecked my property — who answers for it?
My relative died in a vehicular accident — besides funeral expenses, what else can the family claim from the person at fault?
A flowerpot fell from a condo balcony and hit a pedestrian below — who is legally responsible for the injury?
I was hospitalized after drinking a commercially sold juice that contained harmful substances — can I sue the manufacturer even though I never dealt with them directly?
If someone defrauded me out of money, can they cancel out what they owe me by pointing to a separate debt I happen to owe them?
The general law on damages recognizes a type of loss not expressly mentioned in the Civil Code — does Philippine law adopt those general principles?
The local government carried out sanitation work on my property after I failed to comply with health regulations — am I obligated to pay for those expenses?
I am the legal guardian of my incapacitated nephew who lives with me and damaged a neighbour's car — can the neighbour sue me for that damage?
I kept my laptop and jewelry a secret from the front desk — can the hotel use that against me if my room is robbed?
My car was damaged while parked in the hotel's parking lot - is the hotel responsible?
A stranger - not a hotel employee - stole items from my hotel room. Is the hotel still liable?
Something was stolen from my hotel room by a visitor I invited in myself - can I still hold the hotel responsible?
The hotel has a sign saying it is not responsible for lost valuables - is that notice legally binding on me?
The hotel check-in form I signed has a waiver that relieves the hotel of liability for my belongings - is it valid?
My household helper accidentally broke a visitor's expensive camera while doing her duties — am I as the employer liable for that damage?
If there are two or more mitigating circumstances and no aggravating ones, can the court go below the minimum period of the prescribed penalty?
How does a court decide the amount of reparation when the stolen thing cannot be returned?
How does the penalty for theft change depending on the value of the property stolen?
How is civil liability divided when several people are convicted of the same crime?
How many months late must an accountable officer be in rendering accounts to the Commission on Audit before the failure becomes a crime?
I bought a secondhand motorcycle in good faith and the original owner now claims it — how long before it is legally mine?
How long does a lender have to foreclose on a mortgage before the right is lost?
How long are the penalties of arresto mayor and arresto menor?
How long is the penalty of prision correccional?
How long must a person serve reclusion perpetua before pardon can be granted?
I want to claim compensation for money I actually lost because of an accident — what do I need to show the court to get it?
What do I need to prove to recover actual damages in the Philippines?
I did not return property I was managing after the owner demanded it, and then it was lost by accident - am I liable?
I found a lost movable that is not treasure - what does the law require me to do with it?
I accepted a payment in good faith and then destroyed the document of the claim - do I still have to return the money?
I stepped in to manage someone's business and let another help - am I liable for that person's acts?
I left something dangerous for safekeeping without saying so. Am I liable?
I managed a neighbor's property in an emergency without being asked - can I recover my necessary and useful expenses?
I managed someone's property without being asked and it was destroyed by a fortuitous event - when am I liable?
I mistakenly paid money not due to several people - can I recover the whole amount from any one of them?
I paid a debt that had already been paid - is the second payment presumed a mistake I can recover?
I paid something because I misunderstood a doubtful point of law - can I recover it?
I paid even though I was in doubt whether the debt was due - can I get it back if it turns out I did not owe it?
I received something paid to me by mistake in good faith and it was later lost - how much am I liable for?
I made necessary repairs on a thing paid to me by mistake while I held it in good faith - can I be reimbursed?
I supported a person whose relative was legally obliged to support them - can I claim reimbursement?
I took risky operations with someone's property that the owner never engaged in, and it was lost by accident - am I liable?
I was partly careless myself when the accident happened — does that stop me from recovering any damages at all?
I was partly at fault in the accident that injured me - can I still recover damages?
I was partly careless when I got hurt riding a bus. Can I still recover damages?
If several people are convicted of the same crime, in what order are they made to pay the victim?
If the owner later approves the management I undertook without being asked, what does that make it?
If the prosecutor refuses to file criminal charges, can I still sue the offender for damages?
If someone injured in an accident delayed getting medical treatment and their condition worsened, can that reduce what they're able to recover?
My insurer only paid part of the damage to my vehicle — can I still sue the person who caused it for the balance not covered by insurance?
My insurer already paid for my car repairs — can I still sue the driver who hit me for the rest?
My insurance company paid me for the damage to my car caused by a third party — does the insurer now have the right to sue that third party in my place?
The buyer is late paying me and our contract says nothing about interest — can I still charge any?
What can I do if a neighbour interferes with my privacy and peace of mind?
Is a bus or transport company automatically liable when a passenger is injured?
Is a fine below forty thousand pesos considered a light penalty?
Is a hotel liable for my belongings stolen from my room?
Can a prison sentence be started before the judgment of conviction becomes final?
Is a tumultuous public disturbance punished more heavily than an ordinary disturbance?
Is the owner of a motor vehicle required by law to carry insurance or a bond?
Can an executive officer be charged with a crime for attempting to repeal or suspend the execution of a law?
If a diverted flood or similar event saves my property but ruins someone else's, is what I owe capped at what I gained, or do I have to cover their entire loss?
Is knowingly concealing seditious practices a punishable offense?
Is the penalty for conspiracy to commit rebellion different from the penalty for merely proposing a rebellion?
Is corresponding with an enemy country in cipher punished more heavily than ordinary prohibited correspondence?
Is counterfeiting foreign coins punished less severely than counterfeiting Philippine coins?
Is damaging a public painting treated more leniently than destroying a public statue or monument?
Is the death sentence commuted when the condemned person is over seventy years old?
Is the death sentence suspended when the condemned woman is pregnant?
Is destroying or damaging a public statue or monument a separate crime from ordinary malicious mischief?
Is every person convicted of a felony automatically also civilly liable?
Is it a crime for a person elected to public office to refuse without legal motive to be sworn in?
Is it a crime for a public officer to open sealed papers or documents entrusted to him without proper authority?
Is it a crime for an executive officer to issue general rules or regulations beyond the scope of his authority?
Is it a crime to prevent a city or municipal council from holding its meeting?
Is a judge punished less severely for an unjust interlocutory order caused by inexcusable negligence versus one issued knowingly?
Is just title presumed in my favour, or do I have to prove it to claim ownership by prescription?
Is it a crime to keep a minor against his will in your service on the pretext of repaying a debt owed by his guardian or parent?
Is killing someone by means of poison, explosion or fire automatically murder?
Is making tools intended for falsification a crime even before they are actually used?
Is mild or simple oral defamation penalized differently from serious oral defamation?
Is mutiny on the high seas punished with the same penalty as piracy?
Is offering to prevent the publication of a libel in exchange for money a punishable offense?
Is ordinary malicious mischief penalized differently from the special cases listed in Article 328?
Is it a crime to pay a guardian to hand over a minor child to circus performers or acrobats?
Is the penalty for prostitution higher when the offender is a recidivist?
Is the penalty lighter when an officer destroys official documents but no serious damage results to the public?
Is the penalty for refusing to give assistance to the courts lighter when no serious damage results from the refusal?
Is the penalty heavier when the revelation of an official secret causes serious damage to the public interest?
Is merely possessing a foreign lottery ticket treated as prima facie evidence of intent to sell or distribute it?
Is merely possessing falsification tools punished with a lighter penalty than making or importing them?
Is publicly praising or extolling an act that is punished by law itself a crime?
Is a private person who falsifies a medical or service certificate punished differently from the doctor or official who issued the false one?
Is a public officer punished more severely than a private individual for acts that provoke a war or expose Filipinos to reprisals?
Is publicly proclaiming doctrines openly contrary to public morals a crime under the Revised Penal Code?
Is publishing or distributing material that does not bear the real printer's name a punishable offense?
Is exhibiting a film or show that glorifies criminals or condones crimes a punishable offense?
Is there a lighter penalty for theft when the offender acted out of hunger or poverty and the value taken does not exceed five hundred pesos?
Is there interest on a claim whose amount has not yet been fixed?
Is threatening to publish a libel about someone unless paid a separate crime from libel itself?
Can writing scurrilous libels against the government amount to inciting to sedition?
If I buy property at a sheriff's auction, can the judgment itself say the judgment debtor won't be liable if I'm later evicted?
I bought land from someone who turned out not to own it — do I have 'just title' for prescription?
My landlord let himself into my rented unit while I was out, without telling me — is that a violation of my rights?
I didn't know my lawnmower was broken when I lent it to my neighbor and it hurt him — am I liable?
I lent my horse to a friend for a trail ride and it injured a passerby while he was riding it — am I liable as the owner, or is my friend who was using it at the time?
The loss would have happened even without the defendant's act — does that reduce what I can recover?
What is the minimum notice period the condemned must receive before an execution can be carried out?
My child was injured in an accident years ago — since they were a minor at the time, does the deadline to sue only start once they turn 18?
A minor with no parents caused serious damage to my property — is there anyone I can actually sue, and can the minor's own property answer for it?
An orphaned teenager wrecked my car and has no parents or guardian — can I recover anything from him?
The developer deliberately reneged on our contract — can I claim moral damages for a mere breach of contract?
Can I get moral damages for a family heirloom that was destroyed?
My spouse committed adultery and it caused me immense suffering and humiliation — can I separately claim moral damages on top of any criminal case?
Can I get moral damages just because the other party breached our contract?
Someone deliberately smashed up my property out of spite — can I claim moral damages for that?
I was arrested without lawful cause and held overnight — can I claim moral damages for the suffering and humiliation that resulted?
Authorities searched my home without a valid warrant and ransacked my belongings — can I claim moral damages for the violation of my privacy and the distress caused?
Someone publicly spread false and damaging statements about me — can I recover moral damages for the humiliation and anxiety that caused?
Someone filed a criminal complaint against me that was dismissed for being unfounded and clearly malicious — can I sue for moral damages?
My daughter was seduced and abducted by someone — aside from the criminal case, can we as parents separately claim moral damages for what we suffered?
Must every motor vehicle owner post a bond to answer for damage to third persons?
Do I have to pay for a benefit I received even though the damage was not my fault?
To recover moral damages for mental anguish and humiliation, must I prove it was the direct result of the defendant's wrongful act?
If a neighbor had to cross or damage my property to save themselves or others from imminent danger, can I demand payment from them?
Must prisons or penal institutions keep male and female convicts in separate facilities or departments?
Can a court award exemplary damages if the plaintiff has not first established entitlement to at least compensatory, moral, or temperate damages?
My property was destroyed by fire while in someone's safekeeping. Is he liable?
My neighbor's negligence caused a fire that damaged my shop — even without any contract between us, can I sue him for my losses?
My neighbor's dog bit my child while playing in the street — is the owner liable even if the dog never bit anyone before?
I want to claim moral and nominal damages — do I have to produce receipts or financial records to prove how much I lost?
The court awarded me only nominal damages for a violated right — does that decision prevent the other party from questioning that right in any future case?
The occupant admitted in writing that the land is mine — does that wipe out the years he has already counted?
The occupant abandoned my land for two years before coming back — does his possession start over?
The lot I have occupied for decades is larger than what my title says — can prescription cover the excess?
An old apartment building partially collapsed and hurt a passerby — is the owner automatically responsible even without proof of negligence?
My minor son accidentally injured a classmate while playing — am I as his parent liable for that injury?
Is offering to pay the victim's hospital bills an admission of liability?
The breach that actually happened is not the one our penalty clause was written for — does the penalty still apply?
Someone keeping a firearm at home caused an accidental shooting — is there a legal presumption that he was negligent?
I am a doctor who treated an unconscious accident victim who could not consent — can I bill the patient for my services?
The item I pledged turned out to have a hidden defect that caused the lender loss - am I liable for that?
A neighbour stored a poisonous substance at home and a child accidentally ingested it — does the law presume the neighbour was negligent?
I called the police while being robbed and they refused to respond — can the officers be held personally liable for that?
My neighbour's firearm went off and injured someone — is he presumed negligent just for keeping it?
My property right was invaded but I can't prove any actual monetary loss - can the court still award me anything?
Do I have to prove an exact peso loss to be awarded moral or exemplary damages?
The person who hit my car was also criminally charged for reckless driving — can I file both a criminal complaint and a separate civil case for damages?
Someone's carelessness injured me but it was not a crime — what law governs my right to compensation?
The driver who hit me was clearly driving recklessly — can the court award more than just my actual losses to punish that behavior?
My goods were damaged in storage because of my supplier's negligence, but it was a minor slip-up — does he still have to pay full damages?
The penalty in my contract is enormous compared to the actual breach — can a court reduce it?
I was one of three people held solidarily liable for a quasi-delict and had to pay the entire judgment myself — can I recover a share from the other two?
I was forced to pay the real property tax on land that is not mine — can I get that money back?
I let a relative live on my land for thirty years out of kindness — can he now claim to own it?
What is the difference between restitution, reparation and indemnification?
A tree beside the road fell on my car — can I recover from the owner of the land it stood on?
I paid a downpayment on a lot but the sale never pushed through, and the seller refuses to return my money — can I get it back even without a written contract?
The item destroyed was worth little but meant everything to me — does sentimental value count?
Someone destroyed a family heirloom that has great sentimental value but little market value — can the court consider its sentimental worth when awarding damages?
Three people were all negligent and together caused my injury — can I hold any one of them for the full amount of damage?
Waste is seeping onto my lot from my neighbour's badly built septic tank — do I have a claim?
Someone accepted a payment in bad faith knowing it was not owed - what is he liable for?
A former friend has been posting false and damaging claims about me on social media — can I sue for that even outside a criminal libel case?
If a special law sets its own deadline for my type of claim, does the Civil Code's general prescription period still control?
When a special law and the Civil Code both cover damages, which one applies?
A government-hired special agent caused injury to a bystander while performing a task assigned by the agency — can the injured party sue the government?
My car was stolen years ago and I just found out where it is — is it too late for me to legally reclaim it?
My condo balcony railing gave way from a construction defect, but the building is decades old and the owner never bothered maintaining the common areas — can I still sue the owner for neglect, or does Article 2192 shield the owner completely once a construction defect is involved?
If I already recovered civil damages in the criminal case against the person who hurt me, can I also file a separate quasi-delict case for the same act and collect twice?
The same accident already got me compensation as part of a criminal case — can I still separately collect civil damages for the same injury?
I got sick from a contaminated bottled drink — can I sue the manufacturer even though I bought it at a store?
I fell into an uncovered manhole on a city street — can I sue the city government?
If the police officer who refused to help me can't afford to pay damages, can I collect from the city or municipality instead?
A student in my vocational training class injured another student during a lesson — can the school or teachers be held liable for that injury?
The government did work to correct a health or safety hazard on my property over my objection - must I pay for it?
The property I managed gained nothing and faced no danger - can I still be reimbursed?
The thing lent to me had a defect the lender knew about and I was hurt. Is he liable?
If a driver was violating a traffic rule at the exact moment of the accident, does the law shift the burden of proof onto him to show he was not at fault?
A disaster made it impossible for me to file my case on time — is that period still counted against me?
If a business uses my surname without authorization, do I have a right to take legal action against them?
In a road accident, is the driver liable only for consequences he could have foreseen?
I already received payment as part of the criminal case for the same accident — can I still file a separate civil action under quasi-delict to recover additional amounts?
If an accident leaves someone unable to work for months, can lost income be included in what they claim as damages?
Our contract contains a clause where I agreed in advance never to claim exemplary damages — is that clause enforceable?
I told the other side I would not raise prescription — am I stuck with that promise?
What are exemplary damages, and when are they awarded?
What are moral damages, and when can I claim them?
What are temperate damages, and when does a court award them?
What legal remedies are available to a person suffering from a private nuisance?
What can the family claim if a passenger dies in a vehicle crash?
What civil interdiction comes automatically with a sentence of reclusion temporal?
What types of damage to public property are classified as special cases of malicious mischief?
What additional disqualification penalty is imposed on a public officer convicted of fraud under the provisions covered by Article 214?
What is the fine for an official who assumes office duties without first being sworn in or posting the required bond?
At what amount does a fine become classified as an afflictive penalty?
What is the penalty for a public officer who continues a proceeding after being lawfully required to stop while the question of jurisdiction is undecided?
What happens to the body of an executed person if the family does not claim it?
What penalty applies to duel combatants when no physical injuries are inflicted on either side?
What penalties does an official face for continuing to exercise the powers of office beyond the period provided by law?
What interest rate applies if someone is late in paying money they owe me?
What is a grave felony under the Revised Penal Code?
What is a light felony and what is the maximum fine that goes with it?
What is a prejudicial question and why can it suspend a criminal case while a civil case is pending?
What is the penalty for conspiring to commit sedition?
What is the penalty for forging instruments payable to order such as checks or promissory notes?
What is the penalty for a physician who issues a false medical certificate in the course of practice?
What is the penalty for forging the signature or stamp of the President of the Philippines?
What is the penalty for a public officer who disturbs a religious ceremony using violence or threats?
What is the penalty for a public officer who removes or destroys official documents entrusted to him?
What is the penalty for the founders and directors of an association organized to commit crimes?
What is the penalty for conspiring to commit a coup d'etat even if the coup never actually occurs?
What is the penalty for a public officer who uses a scheme to defraud the government in connection with public contracts or supplies?
What is simple seduction and what age group can be the victim?
Is it a crime to solicit a payment in exchange for agreeing not to bid at a public auction?
What act constitutes violation of neutrality and what is the penalty?
What is the penalty for forging or counterfeiting Philippine government bonds or treasury notes?
What is the penalty for highly scandalous conduct that offends against decency or good customs?
What is the penalty for homicide under the Revised Penal Code?
What is the penalty for attacking or seizing a vessel on the high seas?
What is the penalty when an officer's refusal to give assistance to judicial authorities causes serious damage?
By how many degrees is the penalty of an accessory to an attempted felony lower than the principal's penalty?
By how many degrees is the penalty of an accessory to a consummated felony lower than the principal's?
By how many degrees is the penalty of an accessory to a frustrated felony lower than the consummated crime's penalty?
What penalty applies to an accomplice in an attempt to commit a felony?
How is the penalty of an accomplice in a consummated crime computed compared to the principal?
What penalty applies to an accomplice in the commission of a frustrated felony?
What is the penalty for knowingly appointing an unqualified person to a public office?
What is the penalty for causing destruction by explosion when the act endangered the safety of any person?
What is the penalty for giving false testimony in a civil case where the amount in controversy exceeds one million pesos?
What is the penalty for a public officer who fails to make a lawful payment from government funds under his custody?
What is the penalty for a prison guard who negligently allows a convict to escape during transport or custody?
What is the penalty for mutilating coins of the legal currency of the Philippines?
What is the penalty for a public officer who breaks seals placed on property by proper authority?
What is the penalty for a judicial or executive officer who openly refuses to execute the judgment of a superior authority?
By how many degrees is the penalty reduced for the principal in an attempted felony?
What is the penalty for oral defamation that is of a serious and insulting nature?
What is the penalty for spreading infection or contagion among cattle as a form of malicious damage?
What qualifying circumstances must be present to charge a killing as murder rather than homicide?
What remedies does Philippine law provide against a public nuisance?
What rights may a person condemned to death exercise in the hours before the execution is carried out?
What are the three ways that partially extinguish criminal liability under the Revised Penal Code?
What types of damages can a Philippine court actually award in a civil case?
When do the stepped-down penalty rules of Articles 50 to 57 not apply to frustrated or attempted felonies?
When does interest start running on a damages award?
Does the deadline to sue over a car accident start from the day it happened, or from when I found out who was at fault?
When does a person who removes a nuisance on their own without going to court become liable for damages?
When is the engineer or architect liable if a building collapses?
I won a case years ago and never enforced it — when did the clock to enforce the judgment start?
When does the period to demand an accounting from someone who managed my money begin?
Where must a sentence of reclusion perpetua or reclusion temporal be served?
Are there any kinds of legal claims that never expire no matter how much time passes?
Who has authority to file a civil action on account of a public nuisance?
When principals, accomplices and accessories are all convicted, against whose property is the victim's civil claim enforced first?
Will the courts protect me if I entered a contract while at a serious disadvantage?

Business & Corporate

Contracts & Obligations

Courts & Litigation

Crimes & Penalties

Estate & Succession

Family & Annulment

Family & Children

Family & Property

Labor & Employment

Property & Real Estate

Ready to take the first step?