The sections of Rule 130 of the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), each reproduced verbatim and verified against the Supreme Court's official text.
- Section 1. Object as evidence
- Section 2. Documentary evidence
- Section 3. Original document must be produced; exceptions
- Section 4. Original of document
- Section 5. When original document is unavailable
- Section 6. When original document is in adverse party s custody or control
- Section 7. Summaries
- Section 8. Evidence admissible when original document is a public record
- Section 9. Party who calls for document not bound to offer it
- Section 10. Evidence of written agreements
- Section 11. Interpretation of a writing according to its legal meaning
- Section 12. Instrument construed so as to give effect to all provisions
- Section 13. Interpretation according to intention; general and particular provisions
- Section 14. Interpretation according to circumstances
- Section 15. Peculiar signification of terms
- Section 16. Written words control printed
- Section 17. Experts and interpreters to be used in explaining certain writings
- Section 18. Of two constructions, which preferred
- Section 19. Construction in favor of natural right
- Section 20. Interpretation according to usage
- Section 21. Witnesses; their qualifications
- Section 22. Testimony confined to personal knowledge
- Section 23. Disqualification by reason of marriage
- Section 24. Disqualification by reason of privileged communication[s]
- Section 25. Parental and filial privilege
- Section 26. Privilege relating to trade secrets
- Section 27. Admission of a party
- Section 28. Offer of compromise not admissible
- Section 29. Admission by third party
- Section 30. Admission by co
- Section 31. Admission by conspirator
- Section 32. Admission by privies
- Section 33. Admission by silence
- Section 34. Confession
- Section 35. Similar acts as evidence
- Section 36. Testimony generally confined to personal knowledge: hearsay excluded. (Transposed to Sec. 22. Testimony confined to personal knowledge. )] 5. Hearsay Section 37. Hearsay
- Section 38. Dying declaration
- Section 39. Statement of decedent or person of unsound mind
- Section 40. Declaration against interest
- Section 41. Act or declaration about pedigree
- Section 42. Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree
- Section 43. Common reputation
- Section 44. Part of the res gestae
- Section 45. Records of regularly conducted business activity
- Section 46. Entries in official records
- Section 47. Commercial lists and the like
- Section 48. Learned treatises
- Section 49. Testimony or deposition at a former proceeding
- Section 50. Residual exception
- Section 51. General rule
- Section 52. Opinion of expert witness
- Section 53. Opinion of ordinary witnesses
- Section 54. Character evidence not generally admissible; exceptions
Note. Verbatim rule text with general framing, not legal advice.