Text of the provision
Sec. 4. Original of document. — (a) An "original" of a document is the document itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by a person executing or issuing it. An "original" of a photograph includes the negative or any print therefrom. If data is stored in a computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by sight or other means, shown to reflect the data accurately, is an "original." (b) A "duplicate" is a counterpart produced by the same impression as the original. or from the same matrix, or by means of photography, including enlargements and miniatures, or by mechanical or electronic re-recording, or by chemical reproduction, or by other equivalent techniques which accurately reproduce the original. (c) A duplicate is admissible to the same extent as an original unless a genuine question is raised as to the authenticity of the original. or in the circumstances, it is unjust or inequitable to admit the duplicate in lieu of the original. 2. Secondary Evidence
2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), Rule 130, Section 4. Reproduced verbatim and verified against the Supreme Court's official published text and the ChanRobles rendering.
About this section
This is Section 4 of Rule 130 (Rules Of Admissibility A. Object (Real) Evidence) of the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence, the rules promulgated by the Supreme Court in A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC and in force since May 1, 2020. The text above is reproduced verbatim from the current rules.
Related provisions
- Section 3 — Original document must be produced; exceptions.
- Section 5 — When original document is unavailable.
Cases citing this section
- Authorities on this section will be added here as each is verified against primary sources.