Text of the provision
Art. 2231. In quasi-delicts, exemplary damages may be granted if the defendant acted with gross negligence.
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
In quasi-delicts, exemplary damages may be granted if the defendant acted with gross negligence.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 2230 — Exemplary Damages in Criminal Offenses.
- Article 2232 — Exemplary Damages in Contracts.
Cases citing this article
- Mariano Mendoza and Elvira Lim vs. Spouses Leonora J. Gomez and Gabriel V. Gomez, G.R. No. 160110, June 18, 2014 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Romulo Abrogar and Erlinda Abrogar vs. Cosmos Bottling Company and Intergames, Inc, G.R. No. 164749, March 15, 2017 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Caravan Travel and Tours International, Inc. vs. Ermilinda R. Abejar, G.R. No. 170631, February 10, 2016 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Government Service Insurance System vs. Pacific Airways Corporation, et al./Philippine Airlines, Inc., et al. vs. Pacific Airways Corporation, et al./Air Transportation Office, et al. vs. Pacific Airways corporation, et al, G.R. No. 170414 / G.R. No. 170418 / G.R. No. 170460, August 25, 2010 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company, etc. vs. BA Finance Corporation and Malayan Insurance Co, Inc, G.R. No. 179952, December 4, 2009 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.