Text of the provision
Art. 2201. In contracts and quasi-contracts, the damages for which the obligor who acted in good faith is liable shall be those that are the natural and probable consequences of the breach of the obligation, and which the parties have foreseen or could have reasonably foreseen at the time the obligation was constituted. In case of fraud, bad faith, malice or wanton attitude, the obligor shall be responsible for all damages which may be reasonably attributed to the non-performance of the obligation.
(1107a)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
A debtor in good faith is liable only for damages that were foreseen or reasonably foreseeable at the time the obligation was constituted. But one guilty of fraud, bad faith, malice or wanton attitude is liable for all damages reasonably attributable to the breach.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 2200 — Loss Suffered and Profits Not Realized.
- Article 2202 — Damages in Crimes and Quasi-Delicts.
Cases citing this article
- International Exchange Bank vs. Rudy S. Labos And Associates, Inc., Sps. Rodolfo S. Labos And Consuelo R. Labos, And Rockwell Land Corporation, G.R. No. 206327, July 6, 2022 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Voltaire Hans N. Bongcaya, doing business under the name and style of VHB Biopro, G.R. No. 225438, January 20, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Santiago Lighterage Corporation vs. Court of Appeals, et al, G.R. No. 139629, June 21, 2004 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Spouses Enrique Llonillo and Marites Llonillo vs. People of the Phillippines, G.R. No. 246787, January 30, 2024 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Playinn, Inc. vs. Prudential Guarantee And Assurance, Inc, G.R. No. 254764, November 29, 2023 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.