Text of the provision
Art. 2202. In crimes and quasi-delicts, the defendant shall be liable for all damages which are the natural and probable consequences of the act or omission complained of. It is not necessary that such damages have been foreseen or could have reasonably been foreseen by the defendant.
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
In crimes and quasi-delicts the defendant is liable for all damages that are the natural and probable consequences of the act or omission complained of — whether or not they were foreseen.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 2201 — Damages in Contracts and Quasi-Contracts.
- Article 2203 — Duty to Mitigate.
Cases citing this article
- Spouses Enrique Llonillo and Marites Llonillo vs. People of the Phillippines, G.R. No. 246787, January 30, 2024 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Davao Del Norte Electric Cooperative, Representative By Maria Teresa M. David vs. Heirs of Victorino Lucas, G.R. No. 254395, June 14, 2023 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Romulo Abrogar and Erlinda Abrogar vs. Cosmos Bottling Company and Intergames, Inc, G.R. No. 164749, March 15, 2017 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Mariano Mendoza and Elvira Lim vs. Spouses Leonora J. Gomez and Gabriel V. Gomez, G.R. No. 160110, June 18, 2014 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Jaime Guinhawa vs. People of the Philippines, G.R. No. 162822, August 25, 2005 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.