The sections of Rule 131 of the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), each reproduced verbatim and verified against the Supreme Court's official text.
- Section 1. Burden of proof and burden of evidence
- Section 2. Conclusive presumptions
- Section 3. Disputable presumptions
- Section 4. No presumption of legitimacy or illegitimacy
- Section 5. Presumptions in civil actions and proceedings
- Section 6. Presumption against an accused in criminal cases
Note. Verbatim rule text with general framing, not legal advice.