Text of the provision
Art. 48. The following are citizens of the Philippines:
(1) Those who were citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of the Philippines;
(2) Those born in the Philippines of foreign parents who, before the adoption of said Constitution, had been elected to public office in the Philippines;
(3) Those whose fathers are citizens of the Philippines;
(4) Those whose mothers are citizens of the Philippines and, upon reaching the age of majority, elect Philippine citizenship;
(5) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
(n)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
This article reproduces the citizenship rules of the 1935 Constitution — those who were citizens when that Constitution was adopted, those born here of foreign parents elected to public office before it, those whose fathers or mothers are citizens, and those naturalised.
How this article reads today. Philippine citizenship is now governed by Article IV of the 1987 Constitution, which supplies the current rules on who is a citizen, on election of citizenship, and on natural-born status. This provision is of historical interest and should not be relied on as the current test of citizenship.
Related provisions
- Article 360 — Council for the Protection of Children.
Cases interpreting this article
- Authorities on this article will be added here as each is verified against primary sources.