Text of the provision
Art. 449. He who builds, plants or sows in bad faith on the land of another, loses what is built, planted or sown without right to indemnity.
(362)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
One who builds, plants, or sows in bad faith on another's land loses what was built, planted, or sown, without any right to indemnity. Bad faith forfeits the improvement outright.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 448 — Builder, Planter, Sower in Good Faith.
- Article 450 — Landowner's Options Against a Bad-Faith Builder.
Cases citing this article
- Spouses Crispin Aquino and Teresa V. Aquino, herein represented by their Attorney-in-fact, Amador D. Ledesma vs. Spouses Eusebio Aguilar and Josefina V. Aguilar, G.R. No. 182754, June 29, 2015 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Bank of the Philippine Islands vs. Vicente Victor C. Sanchez, et al./Generoso Tulagan, et al. vs. Vicente Victor C. Sanchez, et al./Reynaldo V. Maniwang vs. Vicente C. Sanchez and Felisa Garcia Yap, G.R. No. 179518 / G.R. No. 179835 / G.R. No. 179954, November 19, 2014 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- National Houseing Authority vs. Corazon B. Baello, et al, G.R. No. 200858, August 7, 2013 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Municipality of Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Mayor Bartolome Ramos and Members of the Sangguniang Bayan of Sta. Maria, Bulacan vs. Carlos A. Buenaventura, G.R. No. 191278, March 29, 2023 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Florencia H. Duenas And Daphne Duenas-Montefalcon vs. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company and Elvira Ong Chan; Af Realty Development, Inc. and Zenaida R. Ranullo; Adelaida T. Bernal; and Inocencio Domingo and Penelope Ison of the Register of Deeds of Makati City, G.R. No. 209463, November 29,2022 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.