Text of the provision
Art. 415. The following are immovable property:
(1) Land, buildings, roads and constructions of all kinds adhered to the soil;
(2) Trees, plants, and growing fruits, while they are attached to the land or form an integral part of an immovable;
(3) Everything attached to an immovable in a fixed manner, in such a way that it cannot be separated therefrom without breaking the material or deterioration of the object;
(4) Statues, reliefs, paintings or other objects for use or ornamentation, placed in buildings or on lands by the owner of the immovable in such a manner that it reveals the intention to attach them permanently to the tenements;
(5) Machinery, receptacles, instruments or implements intended by the owner of the tenement for an industry or works which may be carried on in a building or on a piece of land, and which tend directly to meet the needs of the said industry or works;
(6) Animal houses, pigeon-houses, beehives, fish ponds or breeding places of similar nature, in case their owner has placed them or preserves them with the intention to have them permanently attached to the land, and forming a permanent part of it; the animals in these places are included;
(7) Fertilizer actually used on a piece of land;
(8) Mines, quarries, and slag dumps, while the matter thereof forms part of the bed, and waters either running or stagnant;
(9) Docks and structures which, though floating, are intended by their nature and object to remain at a fixed place on a river, lake, or coast;
(10) Contracts for public works, and servitudes and other real rights over immovable property.
(334a)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
This is the exclusive list of immovable (real) property. It covers land and things built on or permanently attached to it, machinery placed by the owner to serve an industry on the land, and certain real rights. Items are immovable either by their nature, by incorporation, by destination (the owner's intent to attach permanently), or by analogy.
Related provisions
- Article 414 — Immovable and Movable Property.
- Article 417 — What Else Is Personal Property.
Cases citing this article
- Spouses Quirino Roni T. Baterna and Marites M. Baterna vs. National Transmission Corporation, G.R. No. 276920, January 21, 2026 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Diana Barber, Rex Jimeno, Jacquelyn Beado, and Rochelle Tan vs. Rolando Chua, G.R. No. 205630, January 12, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Provicial Assesor of the Agusan Del Sur vs. Filipinas Palm Plantation, Inc, G.R. No. 183416, October 5, 2016 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.