Text of the provision
Art. 2224. Temperate or moderate damages, which are more than nominal but less than compensatory damages, may be recovered when the court finds that some pecuniary loss has been suffered but its amount can not, from the nature of the case, be provided with certainty.
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
Temperate or moderate damages are more than nominal but less than compensatory, recovered when the court finds that some pecuniary loss was suffered but its amount cannot be proved with certainty.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 2223 — Nominal Damages Exclude Other Damages.
- Article 2225 — Temperate Damages Must Be Reasonable.
Cases citing this article
- Voltaire Hans N. Bongcaya, doing business under the name and style of VHB Biopro, G.R. No. 225438, January 20, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Excellent Essentials International Corporation vs. Extra Excel International Philippines, Inc, G.R. No. 192797, April 18, 2018 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Lorenzo Shipping Corporation vs. National Power Corporation, G.R. No. 181683, October 7, 2015 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- People of the Philippines vs. Efren Laurio y Rosales, G.R. No. 182523, September 13, 2012 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Victory Liner, Inc. vs. Rosalito Gammad, et al, G.R. No. 159636, November 25, 2004 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.