Text of the provision
Art. 2216. No proof of pecuniary loss is necessary in order that moral, nominal, temperate, liquidated or exemplary damages, may be adjudicated. The assessment of such damages, except liquidated ones, is left to the discretion of the court, according to the circumstances of each case.
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
No proof of pecuniary loss is necessary for moral, nominal, temperate, liquidated or exemplary damages to be adjudicated — the amount is left to the court's discretion.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 2215 — Equitable Mitigation of Damages.
- Article 2217 — Moral Damages Defined.
Cases citing this article
- Philippines Bank Of Communications vs. Ria De Guzman Rivera, G.R. No. 217411, December 13, 2023 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- KLM Royal Dutch Airlines vs. Dr. Jose M. Tiongco, G.R. No. 212136, October 4, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Herminio T. Disini vs. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 205172, June 15, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Voltaire Hans N. Bongcaya, doing business under the name and style of VHB Biopro, G.R. No. 225438, January 20, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Alfredo S. Ramos, et al. vs. China Southern Airlines Co. Ltd, G.R. No. 213418, September 21, 2016 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.