Text of the provision

Art. 2195. The provisions of this Title shall be respectively applicable to all obligations mentioned in article 1157.

Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.

What this article means

The provisions of this Title on damages are applicable to all obligations mentioned in Article 1157 — law, contracts, quasi-contracts, delicts and quasi-delicts alike.

By tying the damages Title to Article 1157, this provision makes clear that the rules on damages are not confined to torts or accidents. The same general framework can apply whether the injury traces back to a violation of law, a breach of contract, an unjust-enrichment situation, a crime, or negligence — the sources of obligations Article 1157 lists. In practice, this is why a party suing for breach of contract and a party suing over a negligent act both look to the same Title of the Code when computing what they are entitled to recover.

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Cases citing this article

Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.

Note. The text of the provision above is reproduced in full from the official enactment (Republic Act No. 386), verified against the LawPhil and ChanRobles renderings. The annotation and commentary around it are the work of Vivas & Nobles Law Office and are general legal information, not legal advice. How a provision applies to a particular situation depends on facts that only a lawyer reviewing your case can assess.