Text of the provision
Art. 2149. The ratification of the management by the owner of the business produces the effects of an express agency, even if the business may not have been successful.
(1892a)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
The owner's ratification produces the effects of an express agency, even if the business was unsuccessful.
Related provisions
- Article 2148 — Further Fortuitous-Event Liability.
- Article 2150 — Owner's Liability Despite No Ratification.
Cases interpreting this article
- Authorities on this article will be added here as each is verified against primary sources.
Note. The text of the provision above is reproduced in full from the official enactment (Republic Act No. 386), verified against the LawPhil and ChanRobles renderings. The annotation and commentary around it are the work of Vivas & Nobles Law Office and are general legal information, not legal advice. How a provision applies to a particular situation depends on facts that only a lawyer reviewing your case can assess.