Text of the provision
Art. 1443. No express trusts concerning an immovable or any interest therein may be proved by parol evidence.
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
No express trust over an immovable (or an interest in it) may be proved by parol (oral) evidence — a writing is required for proof.
Related provisions
- Article 1442 — General Law of Trusts Adopted.
- Article 1444 — No Particular Words Needed.
Cases interpreting this article
- Authorities on this article will be added here as each is verified against primary sources.
Note. The text of the provision above is reproduced in full from the official enactment (Republic Act No. 386), verified against the LawPhil and ChanRobles renderings. The annotation and commentary around it are the work of Vivas & Nobles Law Office and are general legal information, not legal advice. How a provision applies to a particular situation depends on facts that only a lawyer reviewing your case can assess.