Text of the provision
Art. 1354. Although the cause is not stated in the contract, it is presumed that it exists and is lawful, unless the debtor proves the contrary.
(1277)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
Even if the cause is not stated, it is presumed to exist and to be lawful unless the debtor proves otherwise.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 1353 — False Cause.
- Article 1355 — Lesion or Inadequacy of Cause.
Cases citing this article
- Ricardo V. Quintos vs. Development Bank of the Philippines, et al, G.R. No. 168258, August 17, 2015 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Dioscoro Poliño Bacala, substitute Judicial Guardian of Incompetent Aquilino O. Poliño vs. Heirs of, G.R. No. 200608, February 10, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Generoso Sepe vs. Heirs of Anastacia Kilang, rep. by her children Maria, Donata, Feliciana,... B.M. No. 3288 April 10, 2019 Mercuria D. So vs. Ma. Lucille P. Lee, G.R. No. 199766, April 10, 2019 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Dr. Rico Vargas Substituted By His Wife, Cecilia Vargas And Children, Namely: Richelle Josie Judy Vargas-castro, Arvee T. Vargas And Cecilia Vargas, vs. Jose F. Acsayan, Jr, G.R. No. 206780, March 20, 2019 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Lolita Espiritu Santo Mendoza and Sps. Alexander and Elizabeth Gutierrez vs. Sps. Ramon, Sr. and Natividad Palugod, G.R. No. 220517, June 20, 2018 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.