Short answer. No, not against just one. Article 1209 of the Civil Code requires you to proceed against all the debtors together when the obligation cannot be divided, because the division of the debt is impossible. If one debtor turns out insolvent, the remaining debtors are not liable for that person's share.
What the law says
If the division is impossible, the right of the creditors may be prejudiced only by their collective acts, and the debt can be enforced only by proceeding against all the debtors. If one of the latter should be insolvent, the others shall not be liable for his share.
Civil Code, Article 1209 — Joint Indivisible Obligations. Read the full provision →
You must proceed against all the debtors together
Article 1209 addresses obligations where the division is impossible — an indivisible thing owed jointly cannot be split into separate portions the way money can. In that situation the article requires that the debt can be enforced only by proceeding against all the debtors. You cannot single out one debtor and demand the entire indivisible thing from that person alone; the nature of what is owed means the claim has to be brought against the group as a whole.
Why indivisibility changes the ordinary joint-obligation picture
The article also protects the creditors' side of a joint obligation: the right of the creditors may be prejudiced only by their collective acts. This means that where more than one creditor is involved, no single creditor acting alone can act in a way that harms the others' rights — decisions affecting the obligation are treated as belonging to the creditors collectively, not to any one of them individually. The same logic that keeps you from isolating one debtor also keeps any one creditor from acting unilaterally in a way that undermines the others.
What happens if one debtor cannot pay
Article 1209 answers this directly: if one of the latter should be insolvent, the others shall not be liable for his share. Because the obligation is indivisible in kind — owed jointly rather than solidarily — an insolvent debtor's inability to contribute does not shift that burden onto the remaining debtors. The debt is still enforced against all the debtors together, but the article does not make the solvent debtors absorb the share of one who cannot pay.
What this means for pursuing your claim
If you are owed an indivisible thing by several people jointly, this article shapes how you have to bring your claim — as an action against the debtors together rather than against whichever one is easiest to locate or most likely to pay. It is worth identifying, at the outset, all the debtors who share the obligation and confirming that what is owed genuinely cannot be divided, since that indivisibility is exactly what triggers this article's proceed-against-all requirement rather than an ordinary joint-debt rule.