Short answer. Possibly, yes. Article 39 lists alienage — being a foreign national — among the circumstances that can modify or limit a person's capacity to act under Philippine law, alongside things like age and insolvency. How exactly it limits you depends on the specific act, since the consequences are set out elsewhere in the Code and other laws.
What the law says
The following circumstances, among others, modify or limit capacity to act: age, insanity, imbecility, the state of being a deaf-mute, penalty, prodigality, family relations, alienage, absence, insolvency and trusteeship.
Civil Code, Article 39 — Circumstances Modifying Capacity to Act. Read the full provision →
Alienage is one of several listed circumstances
Article 39 lists the circumstances Philippine law recognizes as capable of affecting a person's capacity to act: age, insanity, imbecility, the state of being a deaf-mute, penalty, prodigality, family relations, alienage, absence, insolvency and trusteeship. Alienage — being a citizen of another country — is named directly among them, so being a foreigner is legally recognized as the kind of circumstance that can affect what legal acts you may perform here.
The article names the category; it does not spell out every limit
Article 39 does not itself list what those limits are for each circumstance. Instead: the consequences of these circumstances are governed in this Code, other codes, the Rules of Court, and in special laws. Whether and how alienage limits a particular act — owning certain kinds of property, holding certain positions, exercising certain professions — depends on the specific provision elsewhere in Philippine law that addresses that act, not on Article 39 by itself.
What alienage does not touch
The same article draws a line the other way as well: capacity to act is not limited on account of religious belief or political opinion. That contrast is useful context — the law is willing to name specific, defined circumstances like alienage as potentially limiting, while expressly refusing to let belief or opinion serve as a basis for limiting anyone's capacity, no matter how unpopular that belief or opinion might be.
What this means for you as a foreign national
Practically, this means alienage is a recognized starting point, not a blanket restriction spelled out in one place. Some areas of Philippine law — most notably restrictions on foreign ownership of land — do impose specific limits tied to citizenship. For any particular act you are considering, the governing rule to check is the specific provision that addresses that act, rather than Article 39, which only establishes that alienage is a factor the law may take into account, without itself telling you what the limit is for any given transaction or activity.