Short answer. It depends on timing. Your co-heirs only warrant that the debtor was solvent at the time of partition — not that they stayed solvent afterward. If the debtor became insolvent after the partition was made, your co-heirs are not liable. You also have only five years from partition to enforce any solvency warranty.
What the law says
the co-heirs shall not be liable for the subsequent insolvency of the debtor of the estate, but only for his insolvency at the time the partition is made. The warranty of the solvency of the debtor can only be enforced during the five years following the partition
Civil Code, Article 1095 — Assigned Credits. Read the full provision →
The limited scope of the warranty
When a debt owed to the estate is assigned to you as part of a partition, your co-heirs implicitly warrant that the debtor was solvent at the moment of partition. Article 1095 is explicit that this warranty does not extend further: "the co-heirs shall not be liable for the subsequent insolvency of the debtor of the estate." If the debtor was financially sound when you received the credit but later went broke, that loss falls on you alone. The law treats subsequent insolvency as a risk you accepted when you took the credit as part of your share.
The five-year window to enforce
Even where the debtor was already insolvent at the time of partition — giving you a valid warranty claim — you cannot sit on that right indefinitely. Article 1095 limits enforcement to five years following the partition. If you do not act within that period, the warranty expires. This makes it important to assess the collectability of any credit assigned to you promptly after partition, not years later when you finally try to collect. Discovering the debtor's insolvency years after the partition may leave you too late even if insolvency existed all along.
Bad debts accepted with knowledge
There is an important exception: Article 1095 says that "co-heirs do not warrant bad debts, if so known to, and accepted by, the distributee." If you knew the credit was problematic when you accepted it in the partition, you cannot later turn around and hold your co-heirs responsible. A distributee who knowingly takes on a doubtful account — perhaps in exchange for other concessions in the partition — bears the full risk of non-collection.
When unassigned debts are later collected
Article 1095 also addresses a separate scenario: what happens if a debt was not assigned to any particular heir but is later collected in whole or in part? In that case, the "amount collected shall be distributed proportionately among the heirs." This prevents one heir from quietly pocketing a recovery on an estate credit that should benefit everyone. If you are the one who ends up collecting on such a debt, you have an obligation to share those proceeds with your co-heirs in proportion to their respective shares.