Text of the provision
Sec. 32. Seal. — There shall be no difference between sealed and unsealed private documents insofar as their admissibility as evidence is concerned.
2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), Rule 132, Section 32. Reproduced verbatim and verified against the Supreme Court's official published text and the ChanRobles rendering.
About this section
This is Section 32 of Rule 132 (Presentation Of Evidence) of the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence, the rules promulgated by the Supreme Court in A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC and in force since May 1, 2020. The text above is reproduced verbatim from the current rules.
Questions about this provision
- My private document doesn't have a notarial seal on it — does that make it inadmissible as evidence?
Questions about this provision
- My private document doesn't have a notarial seal on it — does that make it inadmissible as evidence?
Related provisions
- Section 31 — Alteration in document, how to explain.
- Section 33 — Documentary evidence in an unofficial language.
Cases citing this section
- Authorities on this section will be added here as each is verified against primary sources.
Note. The text above is reproduced in full from the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), verified against the Supreme Court's official publication and the ChanRobles rendering. The framing around it is general legal information, not legal advice. How a rule applies to a particular case depends on facts that only a lawyer reviewing your matter can assess.