Text of the provision
Sec. 32. Seal. — There shall be no difference between sealed and unsealed private documents insofar as their admissibility as evidence is concerned. Sec. 33. Documentary evidence in an unofficial language. — Documents written in an unofficial language shall not be admitted as evidence, unless accompanied with a translation into English or Filipino. To avoid interruption of proceedings, parties or their attorneys are directed to have such translation prepared before trial.
2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), Rule 132, Section 32. Reproduced verbatim and verified against the Supreme Court's official published text and the ChanRobles rendering.
About this section
This is Section 32 of Rule 132 (PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE A. EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES REVISED RULES ON EVIDENCE 2019 AMENDMENTS SECTION 1. Examination to be done in open court. — The examination of witnesses presented in a trial or hearing shall be done in open court, and under oath or affirmation. Unless the witness is incapacitated to speak, or the questions calls for a different mode of answer, the answers of the witness shall be given orally. (1a)) of the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence, the rules promulgated by the Supreme Court in A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC and in force since May 1, 2020. The text above is reproduced verbatim from the current rules.
Related provisions
- Section 31 — Alteration in document, how to explain.
- Section 33 — Documentary evidence in an unofficial language.
Cases citing this section
- Authorities on this section will be added here as each is verified against primary sources.