Text of the provision

Sec. 21. When evidence of authenticity of private document not necessary. — Where a private document is more than thirty years old, is produced from a custody in which it would naturally be found if genuine, and is unblemished by any alterations or circumstances of suspicion, no other evidence of its authenticity need be given. Sec. 22. How genuineness of handwriting proved. — The handwriting of a person may be proved by any witness who believes it to be the handwriting of such person because he has seen the person write, or has seen writing purporting to be his upon which the witness has acted or been charged, and has thus acquired knowledge of the handwriting of such person. Evidence respecting the handwriting may also be given by a comparison, made by the witness or the court, with writings admitted or treated as genuine by the party against whom the evidence is offered, or proved to be genuine to the satisfaction of the judge.

2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), Rule 132, Section 21. Reproduced verbatim and verified against the Supreme Court's official published text and the ChanRobles rendering.

About this section

This is Section 21 of Rule 132 (PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE A. EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES REVISED RULES ON EVIDENCE 2019 AMENDMENTS SECTION 1. Examination to be done in open court. — The examination of witnesses presented in a trial or hearing shall be done in open court, and under oath or affirmation. Unless the witness is incapacitated to speak, or the questions calls for a different mode of answer, the answers of the witness shall be given orally. (1a)) of the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence, the rules promulgated by the Supreme Court in A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC and in force since May 1, 2020. The text above is reproduced verbatim from the current rules.

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Note. The text above is reproduced in full from the 2019 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC), verified against the Supreme Court's official publication and the ChanRobles rendering. The framing around it is general legal information, not legal advice. How a rule applies to a particular case depends on facts that only a lawyer reviewing your matter can assess.