Text of the provision
Art. 231. Open disobedience. - Any judicial or executive officer who shall openly refuse to execute the judgment, decision or order of any superior authority made within the scope of the jurisdiction of the latter and issue with all the legal formalities, shall suffer the penalties of arresto mayor in its medium period to prisión correccional in its minimum period, temporary special disqualification in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding Two hundred thousand pesos (₱200,000).
Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, Act No. 3815, as amended. Reproduced in full from the official enactment and verified against the LawPhil and ChanRobles renderings.
What this article means
A judicial or executive officer who openly refuses to carry out a lawful judgment, decision or order of a superior authority suffers arresto mayor in its medium period to prisión correccional in its minimum period, temporary special disqualification in its maximum period, and a fine not exceeding Two hundred thousand pesos (₱200,000).
Related provisions
- Article 230 — Revealing Secrets Of Private Individual.
- Article 233 — Refusal Of Assistance.
Penalty amounts. The text above is the article as amended by Republic Act No. 10951 (2017), which revised the property values and fines throughout this Code. Older reproductions of the Revised Penal Code still print the 1930 amounts — for theft and estafa they show 12,000 and 22,000 pesos where the current figures run to millions. Check which version any source you rely on is giving you.
Cases interpreting this article
- Authorities on this article will be added here as each is verified against primary sources.