Text of the provision
Art. 449. He who builds, plants or sows in bad faith on the land of another, loses what is built, planted or sown without right to indemnity.
(362)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
One who builds, plants, or sows in bad faith on another's land loses what was built, planted, or sown, without any right to indemnity. Bad faith forfeits the improvement outright.
Related provisions
- Article 448 — Builder, Planter, Sower in Good Faith.
- Article 450 — Landowner's Options Against a Bad-Faith Builder.
Cases citing this article
- Municipality of Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Mayor Bartolome Ramos and Members of the Sangguniang Bayan of Sta. Maria, Bulacan vs. Carlos A. Buenaventura, G.R. No. 191278, March 29, 2023 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Jesus E. Ulay vs. Maranguyod Bustamante/Jesus E. Ulay vs. Salome Bustamante-Sarol, Heirs of Adelaida, G.R. No. 231721 / G.R. No. 231722, March 18, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Department of Public Works and Highways vs. Eddie Manalo, et al, G.R. No. 217656, November 16, 2020 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Aurora Tensuan, et al. vs. Heirs of Ma. Isabel M. Vasquez, G.R. No. 204992, September 8, 2020 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Heirs of Jose Mariano and Helen S. Mariano, represented by Danilo David S. Mariano, et al. vs. City of Naga, G.R. No. 197743, March 12, 2018 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.