Text of the provision
Art. 445. Whatever is built, planted or sown on the land of another and the improvements or repairs made thereon, belong to the owner of the land, subject to the provisions of the following articles.
(358)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
Whatever is built, planted, or sown on another's land, and the improvements or repairs on it, belong to the landowner — subject to the good-faith/bad-faith rules that follow. This is the principle that the accessory follows the principal (accessio cedit principali).
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 444 — When Fruits Are Deemed Existing.
- Article 446 — Presumption of Owner's Work.
Cases citing this article
- Provicial Assesor of the Agusan Del Sur vs. Filipinas Palm Plantation, Inc, G.R. No. 183416, October 5, 2016 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Rex Daclison vs. Eduardo Baytion, G.R. No. 219811, April 6, 2016 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Lamberto C. Perez, et al, G.R. No. 166884, June 13, 2012 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Dr. Dioscoro Carbonilla vs. Marcelo Abiera and Maricris Abiera Paredes, G.R. No. 177637, July 26, 2010 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Republic of the Philippines, etc. vs. Hon. Normelito J. Ballocanag, etc. et al, G.R. No. 163794, November 28, 2008 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.