Text of the provision
Art. 1431. Through estoppel an admission or representation is rendered conclusive upon the person making it, and cannot be denied or disproved as against the person relying thereon.
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
Through estoppel, an admission or representation is rendered conclusive on the person making it and cannot be denied as against one who relied on it. A party cannot contradict what another reasonably relied upon.
Questions about this provision
Related provisions
- Article 1429 — Heir Paying Beyond the Inheritance.
- Article 1432 — Principles of Estoppel Adopted.
Cases citing this article
- The Commner Lending Corporation vs. Rafael Balandra, G.R. No. 247646, March 29, 2023 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Purita A. Pahud, et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al, G.R. No. 160346, August 25, 2009 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Toledo Power Company, G.R. No. 259309, February 13, 2023 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Equitable PCI Banking Corporation vs. RCBC Capital Corporation, G.R. No. 182248, December 18, 2008 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Datu Pax Ali S. Mangudadatu vs. the Commission on Elections, Sharifa Akeel Mangudadatu, Azel V. Mangudadatu, and Bai Ali A. Untong, G.R. No. 260219, April 22, 2025 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.