Text of the provision
Art. 1421. The defense of illegality of contract is not available to third persons whose interests are not directly affected.
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
The defense of illegality is not available to third persons whose interests are not directly affected.
Related provisions
- Article 1420 — Divisible Illegal Contracts.
- Article 1423 — Civil and Natural Obligations.
Cases citing this article
- Hiers of Policronio M. Ureta, Sr., namely: Conrado B. Ureta, et al. vs. Heirs of Liberato M. Ureta, namely: Teresa F. Ureta, et al./Heirs of Liberato M. Ureta, namely: Teresa F. Ureta, et al. vs. Heirs of Policronio M. Ureta, Sr., namely: Conrado B. Ureta, et al, G.R. No. 165748 / G.R. No. 165930, September 14, 2011 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Rapid City Realty and Development Corporation vs. Lourdes Estudillo Paez-Cline alias Lourdes Paez-Villa, et, G.R. No. 217148, December 7, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- United Overseas Bank of the Philippines, Inc. vs. The Board of Commissioners-HLURB, J.O.S. Managing Builders, Inc. and Eduplan Phils, Inc, G.R. No. 182133, June 23, 2015 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- The Manila Banking Corporation vs. Edmundo S. Silverio, et al, G.R. No. 132887, August 11, 2005 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.