Text of the provision
Art. 1396. Ratification cleanses the contract from all its defects from the moment it was constituted.
(1313)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
Ratification cleanses the contract of all its defects from the moment it was constituted — it operates retroactively, validating the contract from the start.
Related provisions
- Article 1395 — No Need for the Other Party's Consent.
- Article 1397 — Who May Sue for Annulment.
Cases citing this article
- Jesus E. Ulay vs. Maranguyod Bustamante/Jesus E. Ulay vs. Salome Bustamante-Sarol, Heirs of Adelaida, G.R. No. 231721 / G.R. No. 231722, March 18, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Atty. Leonardo Florent O. Bulatao vs. Zenaida C. Estonactoc, G.R. No. 235020, December 10, 2019 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.