Text of the provision
Art. 1393. Ratification may be effected expressly or tacitly. It is understood that there is a tacit ratification if, with knowledge of the reason which renders the contract voidable and such reason having ceased, the person who has a right to invoke it should execute an act which necessarily implies an intention to waive his right.
(1311a)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
Ratification may be express or tacit. It is tacit when, knowing the defect and after it has ceased, the party executes an act implying an intent to waive the right to annul.
Related provisions
- Article 1392 — Ratification Bars Annulment.
- Article 1394 — Ratification by the Guardian.
Cases citing this article
- Philippine Free Press, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, et al, G.R. No. 132864, October 24, 2005 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Estate of Valeriano C. Bueno and Genoveva I. Bueno, represented by Valeriano I. Bueno, G.R. No. 205810, September 9, 2020 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- ECE Realty and Development, Inc. vs. Rachel G. Mandap, G.R. No. 196182, September 1, 2014 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Sps. Fernando and Lourdes Viloria vs. Continental Airlines, Inc, G.R. No. 188288, January 16, 2012 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.