Text of the provision
Art. 1332. When one of the parties is unable to read, or if the contract is in a language not understood by him, and mistake or fraud is alleged, the person enforcing the contract must show that the terms thereof have been fully explained to the former.
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Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
When a party cannot read, or the contract is in a language he does not understand, and mistake or fraud is alleged, the party enforcing the contract must prove its terms were fully explained. This protects the illiterate and disadvantaged.
Related provisions
- Article 1331 — Mistake (Error).
- Article 1333 — Knowledge of the Risk.
Cases citing this article
- Spouses Eugenio De Vera and Rosalia Padilla vs. Fausta Catungal, subsituted by her heirs, G.R. No. 211687, February 10, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Redentor Catapang and Casiana Catapang Garbin vs. Lipa Bank, G.R. No. 240645, January 27, 2020 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Amparo S. Cruz, et al. vs. Angelito S. Cruz, et al, G.R. No. 211153, February 28, 2018 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.