Text of the provision
Art. 1291. Obligations may be modified by:
(1) Changing their object or principal conditions;
(2) Substituting the person of the debtor;
(3) Subrogating a third person in the rights of the creditor.
(1203)
Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 386, approved June 18, 1949, effective August 30, 1950. Reproduced in full; verified verbatim against the LawPhil and ChanRobles official-text renderings.
What this article means
Obligations may be modified by changing the object or principal conditions (objective novation), substituting the debtor (subjective/passive novation), or subrogating a third person in the creditor's rights (active novation).
Related provisions
- Article 1290 — Compensation by Operation of Law.
- Article 1292 — Express or Implied Novation.
Cases citing this article
- Ma. Julieta B. Bendecio and Merlyn Mascariñas vs. Virginia B. Bautista, G.R. No. 242087, December 7, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Systems Energizer Corporation (SECOR) vs. Bellville Development Incorporated (BDI), G.R. No. 205737, September 21, 2022 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Paz Mandin-Trotin vs. Francisco A. Bongo, et al, G.R. No. 212840, August 28, 2019 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Jocelyn Modomo and Dr. Romy Modomo vs. Spouses Moises P. Layug, Jr., et al, G.R. No. 197722, August 14, 2019 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation vs. Plast-print Industries Inc., and Reynaldo C. Dequito, G.R. No. 199308, June 19, 2019 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Compiled automatically from Supreme Court decisions published on LawPhil that expressly cite this article, most frequently cited first. A listing means the decision cites the provision — it is not a statement that the case is the leading authority, and it does not show whether a ruling has since been modified or abandoned. Always read the decision itself.