Short answer. Not immediately. Article 1610 of the Civil Code allows creditors of a vendor to exercise the right of redemption in the vendor's place, but only after they have first exhausted all other property of the vendor. You must pursue the seller's other assets before reaching the repurchased property.
What the law says
The creditors of the vendor cannot make use of the right of redemption against the vendee, until after they have exhausted the property of the vendor.
Civil Code, Article 1610 — Vendor's Creditors and Redemption. Read the full provision →
What Article 1610 provides
In a sale with the right to repurchase, the seller retains the right to buy back the property within an agreed period. Article 1610 recognizes that creditors of the seller may have an interest in that redemption right — if the seller redeems the property, it becomes available to satisfy debts. But the provision imposes a clear sequence: the creditor must first exhaust the property of the vendor before turning to the redemption right against the buyer. You cannot go straight to the repurchased property while the seller still has other assets.
Why the rule is structured this way
The law protects the buyer from being disrupted by someone who has no claim against the buyer at all. The buyer's counterparty is the seller, not the seller's creditors. Allowing a creditor to immediately step in and exercise the right of redemption would effectively expose the buyer to a claim from a stranger to the sale. By requiring creditors to exhaust the vendor's own property first, Article 1610 ensures that the buyer's possession is not upset unless there is genuinely no other way for the creditor to collect.
What exhaustion of property means in practice
Exhausting the vendor's property means you must first attempt to collect from other assets the seller owns — bank accounts, land, personal property, receivables — before pursuing redemption. This is not a formality. You generally need to show that execution against the seller's other property has failed or that there is genuinely nothing left to levy upon before a court will allow you to step into the seller's shoes and redeem the property sold with right to repurchase. The threshold is meaningful, not merely procedural.
Steps for a creditor in this position
If you are a creditor trying to protect your interest in the right of redemption, the practical steps involve first obtaining a judgment against the debtor-vendor if you do not already have one, then attempting enforcement against the vendor's available assets. Only after demonstrating that those efforts have been inadequate can you invoke the redemption right under Article 1610. Given the redemption period imposed by the sale contract, timing is important — the right must still be alive when you are ready to exercise it.