Short answer. Only if it is analogous to one of the listed causes. The Labor Code closes its list with other causes analogous to the foregoing, so a reason of the same kind and gravity qualifies. A reason that is merely serious to you, but different in nature, does not.
What the law says
Other causes analogous to any of the foregoing.
Labor Code, Article 285 — Resignation By The Employee. Read the full provision →
Analogous means like in kind, not merely important
The catch-all is not an invitation to supply your own reason. It takes its meaning from the three causes above it: serious insult to the honour and person of the employee, inhuman and unbearable treatment, and a crime or offence against the person of the employee or an immediate family member. What those share is an employer whose own conduct has made continued work intolerable. A cause is analogous when it belongs to that family — not simply when it feels compelling from where you stand.
The reasons that usually do not qualify
Most resignations are for reasons the article never contemplated: a better offer elsewhere, relocation, illness in the family, exhaustion, a manager you dislike, or a role that turned out differently from what you expected. None of those involves employer misconduct, so none of them is analogous however genuine it is. That is not a criticism of the reason — it just means the ordinary route applies to you, and you should serve the written notice a month ahead rather than rely on a cause you cannot make out.
What it costs to get the call wrong
The article warns that an employer served with no notice may hold the employee liable for damages. Invoking a just cause is therefore a judgment you are making at your own risk: if the cause holds, you owe no notice; if it does not, you are an employee who left without one. The safer path where the case is arguable is to serve written notice and state the cause in it, so the record shows both — you gave notice, and you say you did not have to.
Write the reason down while it is fresh
If you believe your situation is analogous, set out in your resignation letter exactly what happened, with dates, and keep the messages, memos, or witness names that support it. The strength of an analogous-cause claim rests almost entirely on that contemporaneous record, because a reason described months later always reads thinner. Have the account looked at before you decide whether to serve notice or leave immediately — the difference between the two is a decision worth taking advice on.