Short answer. Not if the requirements of estoppel are met. Article 1437 of the Civil Code says that where, in a contract between third persons over immovable property, one party is misled by a person about the ownership or real right, that person is precluded from asserting his legal title — provided four requisites are present.
What the law says
one of them is misled by a person with respect to the ownership or real right over the real estate, the latter is precluded from asserting his legal title or interest therein
Civil Code, Article 1437 — Estoppel in Land Transactions. Read the full provision →
The estoppel in land dealings
Article 1437 provides that When in a contract between third persons concerning immovable property, one of them is misled by a person with respect to the ownership or real right over the real estate, the latter is precluded from asserting his legal title or interest therein, provided certain requisites are present. The principle is that a person who causes another to be misled about who owns land cannot later spring his hidden title on the party who relied on the misrepresentation. Having created the false impression, he is estopped from contradicting it. The bar operates only in favour of the party who was actually misled; a stranger who knew the truth, or who took no part in the dealing at all, draws no benefit from it.
The four requisites
The bar is not automatic; the article lists what must be shown. There must be fraudulent representation or wrongful concealment of facts known to the party estopped; that party must have intended that the other should act upon the facts as misrepresented; the party misled must have been unaware of the true facts; and the party defrauded must have acted in accordance with the misrepresentation. All four must line up. Miss one — for instance, if you actually knew the truth, or the person never intended you to rely — and the estoppel does not close on him.
What the article requires of you
The provision protects the innocent, reliant party, not one who dealt with eyes open. Because each requisite must be proved, your own position matters: whether you genuinely did not know the truth, and whether you truly acted on the misrepresentation, are decisive. The article estops the deceiver from asserting his title against you; it does not resolve every claim among all persons interested in the land, nor cure defects in your own dealings. If you were misled in a land transaction, preserve the documents and communications that show the misrepresentation and your reliance, since those establish the requisites the article demands.