Short answer. No. Article 1424 provides that when the right to sue on a civil obligation has already lapsed through extinctive prescription, an obligor who voluntarily performs anyway cannot recover what was delivered or the value of the service rendered. Paying a time-barred debt on purpose is treated as final.
What the law says
When a right to sue upon a civil obligation has lapsed by extinctive prescription, the obligor who voluntarily performs the contract cannot recover what he has delivered or the value of the service he has rendered.
Civil Code, Article 1424 — Performance After Prescription. Read the full provision →
Voluntary payment after prescription cannot be undone
Article 1424 addresses exactly the situation you are in. It provides that when a right to sue upon a civil obligation has lapsed by extinctive prescription, the obligor who voluntarily performs the contract cannot recover what he has delivered or the value of the service he has rendered. Because the creditor's right to sue you had already lapsed through prescription, you were under no legal compulsion to pay. Choosing to pay anyway, knowing or not raising that the debt was time-barred, is treated as a deliberate act you cannot later reverse simply by pointing to the prescription that had already run.
Prescription bars the remedy, not the underlying obligation
This rule reflects how prescription actually works under Philippine civil law: it extinguishes the creditor's right to sue and compel payment, but it does not erase the underlying moral or natural obligation entirely. Because some obligation still exists in a weaker, unenforceable form, voluntarily satisfying it is treated as a valid payment rather than as money handed over for nothing, which is why the law will not help you claw it back afterward.
Why the law will not let you reverse this
If a debtor could pay a prescribed debt and then later demand it back simply by invoking the very prescription they chose not to raise at the time, prescription would become a one-way tool available only in hindsight, rewarding second-guessing rather than protecting the debtor who genuinely wanted to be free of an old obligation. The law instead treats your choice to pay as final, respecting your decision to honor the debt rather than assume you were confused or coerced.
What this means for you now
Because you paid voluntarily, without being sued or legally compelled, and the debt had already prescribed at the time, Article 1424 forecloses any claim to get that payment back. The relevant facts are that you were not legally bound to pay, and that your payment was a free choice rather than something extracted from you under threat of suit or other compulsion.