Short answer. Yes, generally. Article 1518 protects a person who paid value in good faith, without notice of the theft or other defect, when a negotiable document of title is negotiated to them. Your title stands even though the document was earlier stolen from its original owner, as long as you meet those conditions.
What the law says
The validity of the negotiation of a negotiable document of title is not impaired by the fact that the negotiation was a breach of duty on the part of the person making the negotiation, or by the fact that the owner of the document was deprived of the possession of the same by loss, theft, fraud, accident, mistake, duress, or conversion, if the person to whom the document was negotiated or a person to whom the document was subsequently negotiated paid value therefor in good faith without notice of the breach of duty, or loss, theft, fraud, accident, mistake, duress or conversion.
Civil Code, Article 1518 — Negotiation Despite Breach of Duty. Read the full provision →
Theft in the chain does not automatically defeat your title
Article 1518 protects the reliability of negotiable documents of title even when something went wrong earlier in their history. It provides that the validity of the negotiation of a negotiable document of title is not impaired by the fact that the negotiation was a breach of duty on the part of the person making the negotiation, or by the fact that the owner of the document was deprived of the possession of the same by loss, theft, fraud, accident, mistake, duress, or conversion. The document being stolen from its original owner at some earlier point does not, by itself, prevent you from acquiring good title through a later negotiation to you.
The protection depends on paying value in good faith
This protection is not unconditional. The same article requires that the person to whom the document was negotiated or a person to whom the document was subsequently negotiated paid value therefor in good faith without notice of the breach of duty, or loss, theft, fraud, accident, mistake, duress or conversion. Your title is protected because you actually paid value for the document, acted in good faith, and had no notice of the theft. If you received the document for free, or knew or should have known something was wrong with it, this protection would not apply.
Why the law protects a good-faith holder for value
Negotiable documents of title are meant to circulate and be relied upon much like money or negotiable instruments, standing in for the goods they represent. If every later holder had to investigate the entire history of a document to be safe, that circulation would grind to a halt, undermining the whole purpose of making such documents negotiable in the first place. Protecting a good-faith purchaser for value lets commerce in these documents function, while leaving the original owner's remedy to be pursued against whoever committed the theft or breach, rather than against you.
What this means for your title
Because you received the warehouse receipt in good faith and, presumably, paid value for it without any notice that it had been stolen, Article 1518 supports treating your title as valid despite the earlier theft. If you later find out you did have notice of a problem with the document, or that you did not actually pay value for it, that would change the analysis significantly.