Short answer. Yes. Rule 86 lets you file a claim founded on a note even without the original — normally a copy with indorsements is attached, and if the original is later demanded but has been lost or destroyed, you instead accompany your claim with an affidavit describing the instrument and stating its loss.
What the law says
On demand, however, of the executor or administrator, or by order of the court or judge, the original shall be exhibited, unless it be lost or destroyed, in which case the claimant must accompany his claim with affidavit or affidavits containing a copy or particular description of the instrument and stating its loss or destruction.
Rule 86, Section 9 — How to file a claim. Contents thereof; Notice to executor or administrator. Read the full provision →
How a claim against an estate is filed
Rule 86, Section 9 sets out the basic mechanics: a claim may be filed by delivering the same with the necessary vouchers to the clerk of court and by serving a copy thereof on the executor or administrator. That filing-and-service step is the same whether or not the original promissory note is in hand — the rule then addresses documentary instruments like yours specifically in the sentences that follow.
The original note is not required upfront
Even where the original note exists and is available, the rule does not demand it at the outset: if the claim be founded on a bond, bill, note or any other instrument, the original need not be filed, but a copy thereof with all indorsements shall be attached to the claim and filed therewith. A promissory note is exactly this kind of instrument, so ordinarily a copy, not the original, is what accompanies the claim.
What to do if the original is genuinely lost
The rule anticipates your exact situation, where the original cannot be produced even on demand: on demand, however, of the executor or administrator, or by order of the court or judge, the original shall be exhibited, unless it be lost or destroyed, in which case the claimant must accompany his claim with affidavit or affidavits containing a copy or particular description of the instrument and stating its loss or destruction. That affidavit route is built into the rule precisely so a lost original does not by itself defeat a genuine claim.
The claim still needs its own supporting affidavit
Separately from the instrument itself, a claim that is already due must be supported by its own affidavit: the amount justly due, that no payments have been made thereon which are not credited, and that there are no offsets to the same, to the knowledge of the affiant. If someone other than you signs that affidavit, the rule requires stating why the claimant did not make it personally.