Short answer. No. Article 431 embodies the principle that the owner of a thing cannot use it in a way that injures the rights of a third person. Ownership is broad but not absolute; using your own land so as to cut off or damage a neighbor's right of way crosses the line the law draws around an owner's rights.
What the law says
The owner of a thing cannot make use thereof in such manner as to injure the rights of a third person.
Civil Code, Article 431 — Owner May Not Injure Others (Sic Utere Tuo). Read the full provision →
Ownership is broad but not unlimited
Ownership gives wide powers to use and enjoy a thing, but those powers stop where another person's rights begin. Article 431 captures this ancient principle, often summarised as the rule that one must use his own so as not to injure another. It provides that the owner of a thing cannot make use thereof in such manner as to injure the rights of a third person. An owner is generally free to do as he likes with his property, but that freedom is qualified: it cannot be exercised as a weapon against the legal rights of others.
Applying it to a right of way
A neighbour who holds a right of way, an easement to pass over the land, has a legal right the owner must respect. If the landowner uses his property in a way that blocks, obstructs, or damages that passage, he is not merely inconveniencing the neighbour; he is injuring the neighbour's right, which is exactly what Article 431 forbids. The owner may still use the rest of his land freely, but he cannot deploy his ownership to defeat the very passage the law or an agreement has granted to another over it.
Where the line falls
The article draws the line at injury to another's rights, not at mere annoyance. An owner is not liable simply because his use displeases a neighbour or has some incidental effect on him. What is prohibited is a use that actually impairs a right the third person legally holds, such as obstructing a servitude, diverting water another is entitled to, or otherwise trespassing on protected interests. The test is whether the owner's exercise of his property crosses over into harming a right that belongs to someone else.
Remedies for the injured neighbor
When an owner uses his land to injure a neighbour's right of way, the neighbour is not without recourse. He may demand that the obstruction be removed and the passage restored, and he may seek damages for the injury caused. Because the right of way is a protected legal interest, the courts will not allow the servient owner to nullify it under the guise of exercising ownership. For both sides, Article 431 sets the governing principle: enjoy your property fully, but never in a manner that tramples the established rights of another.