Short answer. Yes. Within two years after an extrajudicial settlement and distribution, the court may, after hearing, settle the amount of an unpaid debt or of a deprived heir's lawful participation, and order how much and in what manner each distributee shall contribute to paying it.
What the law says
the court having jurisdiction of the estate may, by order for that purpose, after hearing, settle the amount of such debts or lawful participation and order how much and in what manner each distributee shall contribute in the payment thereof
Rule 74, Section 4 — Liability of distributees and estate. Read the full provision →
Distribution does not close the estate's obligations
An extrajudicial settlement divides the estate among the heirs without a full administration proceeding, which is quicker and cheaper. What it does not do is extinguish what the estate owed. If within two years after the settlement and distribution it appears that there are debts outstanding against the estate which have not been paid, or that an heir or other person has been unduly deprived of a lawful participation payable in money, the court having jurisdiction of the estate may act. The heirs who received the property are the ones who answer, in the proportions the court fixes.
What the court can order
After hearing, the court may settle the amount of the debts or lawful participation, and order how much and in what manner each distributee shall contribute in the payment. So it does two things at once: it fixes the sum owed, and it apportions responsibility across the heirs rather than leaving the claimant to choose a target. The rule also allows the court to issue execution, if circumstances require, against the bond provided in the preceding section or against the real estate belonging to the deceased, or both.
Two years is the outer limit
Everything in this provision is framed by the same period: within two years after the settlement and distribution. The bond and the real estate remain charged with a liability to creditors, heirs, or other persons for the full period of two years after the distribution. That cuts both ways. A creditor or omitted heir who waits longer than this loses the particular route the section provides, while heirs who have held the property beyond that period are in a materially better position than they were during it.
What heirs should do about it
If you are receiving property through an extrajudicial settlement, treat the first two years as a period during which the property remains answerable. That is the right time to satisfy known debts rather than to distribute everything and hope none surface. If a claim does appear, the court apportions the contribution instead of making any single heir carry it all, so the question at the hearing becomes what each distributee actually received. Keep the records of the distribution, because that is what an apportionment is calculated from.