Short answer. No. Once a court fixes the period for an obligation, the Civil Code says that period can no longer be changed by the courts. The judge sets the deadline once, based on what the parties probably intended, and that determination is meant to be final rather than something to revisit.
What the law says
Once fixed by the courts, the period cannot be changed by them.
Civil Code, Article 1197 — When the Court Fixes the Period. Read the full provision →
When a court fixes a deadline at all
A court does not invent deadlines at will. Under the article, it may fix a period only in limited situations: where the obligation set no period but its nature and the circumstances show one was intended, and where performance depends upon the will of the debtor. In those cases the court steps in to supply the missing term. In doing so it does not impose whatever it likes; the law directs it to determine such period as may under the circumstances have been probably contemplated by the parties. The judge is reconstructing the bargain the parties left incomplete, not writing a new one for them.
The deadline is set once
The closing line is blunt: once fixed by the courts, the period cannot be changed by them. That means neither the debtor asking for more time, nor the creditor asking to shorten it, can have the court revise the period it already determined in that proceeding. The reason is stability. The point of going to court was to end the uncertainty about when performance is due; letting either side return whenever the deadline felt inconvenient would defeat the exercise. So the fixing of the period is treated as a one-time judicial act, and once the judgment stands, the date it set governs the obligation.
What this does not stop
The rule bars the court from re-opening the period; it does not freeze the parties themselves. Debtor and creditor remain free to agree, by their own new contract, to move a deadline — extend it, shorten it, or restructure the obligation entirely. That is their bargain to make, not a change the court is imposing. Nor does the rule prevent the ordinary consequences of the deadline arriving: when the fixed period lapses without performance, the creditor may pursue the remedies the law and the contract give for a debt that has fallen due. What is closed is the door back to the judge to re-set the same period.
Why timing your request matters
Because the period is fixed only once and then locked, the moment to make your full case is when the court is first asked to set it. That is when you put forward the circumstances, the nature of the deal, and what the parties truly contemplated, so the date the court chooses reflects reality rather than a guess. Arguing for a different period afterward is generally too late as against the court. If you are heading into a proceeding where a court may fix your deadline, treat that hearing as decisive and prepare it with counsel, rather than counting on a later chance to adjust.