Short answer. Not on the same ground. Rule 58, Section 5 states that a temporary restraining order is not extendible and that no court shall have authority to extend or renew the same on the same ground for which it was issued. The remedy after expiry is a preliminary injunction, decided after hearing.
What the law says
The effectivity of a temporary restraining order is not extendible without need of any judicial declaration to that effect and no court shall have authority to extend or renew the same on the same ground for which it was issued.
Rule 58, Section 5 — Preliminary injunction not granted without notice; exception. Read the full provision →
What the law says
if issued by the Court of Appeals or a member thereof, the temporary restraining order shall be effective for sixty days from service on the party or person sought to be enjoined
Rule 58, Section 5 — Preliminary injunction not granted without notice; exception. Read the full provision →
A prohibition addressed to the court itself
Most limits in procedure restrict what a party may ask for. This one restricts what a court may do: no court shall have authority to extend or renew the same on the same ground for which it was issued. That is a withdrawal of power, not a matter of discretion to be argued about. A restraining order was always meant to hold a situation still long enough for a hearing to be arranged, and repeated renewals would turn a stopgap into an injunction granted without the hearing the same section requires.
"On the same ground" is the operative qualifier
The prohibition is tied to the ground. It forbids re-issuing the same restraint on the same basis; it is not a statement that nothing can ever restrain the same conduct again. A genuinely new ground, arising from facts that were not the basis of the expired order, presents a different application. That distinction is narrow and easily overstated, and re-labelling the original complaint is not a new ground. The honest question is whether the facts relied on are new, not whether the wording is.
Different courts, different periods
Before concluding that an order has run out, check which court issued it. A restraining order from the Court of Appeals or a member of it shall be effective for sixty days from service on the party or person sought to be enjoined. One issued by the Supreme Court or a member of it is effective until further orders — it does not lapse by the passage of time at all. The short periods people associate with restraining orders belong to trial court orders, not to every order that carries the name.
What to do instead of seeking an extension
The route the section contemplates is not renewal but resolution: within the life of the restraining order the court must order the opposing party to show cause and determine whether a preliminary injunction should issue. An injunction is the durable remedy, and it is available precisely because it comes after hearing and prior notice. An applicant who spends the period seeking an extension rather than pressing the injunction application is pursuing the one thing the rule says the court cannot grant.