Text of the provision

Art. 104. What is included in civil liability. -The civil liability established in articles 100, 101, 102, and 103, of this Code includes: 1. Restitution; 2. Reparation of the damage caused; 3. Indemnification for consequential damages.

Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, Act No. 3815, as amended. Reproduced in full from the official enactment and verified against the LawPhil and ChanRobles renderings.

What this article means

The civil liability arising from a crime covers three things: restitution (giving the thing back), reparation of the damage caused, and indemnification for consequential damages.

Questions about this provision

Related provisions

On this text. This article is reproduced as the Revised Penal Code enacted it, verified word-for-word against two independent sources. Republic Act No. 10951 (2017) revised the penalty amounts in many other articles of this Code; where an amount appears below it is the figure this article itself carries.

Cases interpreting this article

Note. The text of the provision above is reproduced in full from the official enactment (Act No. 3815), verified against the LawPhil and ChanRobles renderings. The Revised Penal Code has been amended many times; this page reproduces the text as those sources carry it. The annotation and commentary around it are the work of Vivas & Nobles Law Office and are general legal information, not legal advice. How a provision applies to a particular situation depends on facts that only a lawyer reviewing your case can assess.