Short answer. The System has original and exclusive jurisdiction over disputes on coverage, entitlement to benefits, and contribution or penalty payments under Article 180. If you disagree with its decision, the article allows an appeal to the Commission, which must decide the appeal within twenty working days of the evidence being submitted.
What the law says
The System shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute arising from this Title with respect to coverage, entitlement to benefits, collection and payment of contributions and penalties thereon, or any other matter related thereto, subject to appeal to the Commission, which shall decide appealed cases within twenty (20) working days from the submission of the evidence.
Labor Code, Article 180 — Settlement Of Claims And Appeal. Read the full provision →
The System handles the dispute first
Article 180 gives the System — the article's own term for the body administering this Title — original and exclusive jurisdiction to settle disputes arising under it. Both words matter: original means this is where a dispute starts, not somewhere it is filed after going elsewhere first, and exclusive means no other body shares that starting jurisdiction over the same kind of dispute.
What kinds of disputes are covered
The article names the categories of dispute that fall within this jurisdiction: coverage, entitlement to benefits, collection and payment of contributions and penalties thereon, and, more broadly, any other matter related thereto. That last phrase extends the coverage beyond the specifically named categories to related matters arising under the same Title, rather than confining the System's jurisdiction to only those first three items.
An appeal to the Commission is built in
Article 180 does not make the System's decision the end of the line. It is subject to appeal to the Commission, meaning a party dissatisfied with the System's ruling has a further avenue within the process this article describes, rather than having to seek relief somewhere entirely outside it. The appeal runs from the System, the body with original jurisdiction, up to the Commission — the two bodies named in this article are where the dispute is meant to be resolved, from first filing through appeal.
A fixed timeline for the appeal
The article also puts a deadline on that appeal stage: the Commission shall decide appealed cases within twenty (20) working days from the submission of the evidence. That gives an appealing party a defined expectation of when a ruling should come, once the evidence in the appeal has actually been submitted — the twenty-day period runs from that evidence submission, not from when the appeal itself was first filed.