Short answer. Often yes. A contract infringing the Statute of Frauds is unenforceable rather than void, and the defect can be cured. Article 1405 ratifies it where a party fails to object to oral evidence proving the agreement, or where he has accepted a benefit under it. Both happen easily.
What the law says
Contracts infringing the Statute of Frauds
Civil Code, Article 1405 — Ratification Under the Statute of Frauds. Read the full provision →
What the law says
are ratified by the failure to object to the presentation of oral evidence to prove the same, or by the acceptance of benefit under them.
Civil Code, Article 1405 — Ratification Under the Statute of Frauds. Read the full provision →
Unenforceable is a much weaker defect than void
The Statute of Frauds requires certain agreements to be in writing, and people usually assume that an oral one of that kind simply does not count. That is not what the Civil Code says. Such a contract is unenforceable, which means it exists and is perfectly valid between the parties but a court will not compel performance if the writing requirement is properly raised. The distinction matters because unenforceability can be cured, while nullity cannot. It is also a personal defence: it has to be invoked by the party entitled to it, at the right moment, or it is gone.
Two ways the defence is lost
Article 1405 supplies both. Contracts infringing the Statute of Frauds are ratified by the failure to object to the presentation of oral evidence to prove the same, or by the acceptance of benefit under them. The first route is procedural — if the other party testifies to the oral agreement and nobody objects, the contract has been ratified by that silence and cannot be attacked afterwards. The second is factual and catches far more people: a party who has taken delivery, received payment, occupied the property or otherwise enjoyed a benefit under the agreement can no longer say it was never written down.
The requirement is about proof, not about validity
This fits the Code's general position on form. Article 1356 makes contracts obligatory in whatever form they were entered into, provided the essential requisites are present, while acknowledging that where the law requires a form for validity, for enforceability or for proof, the requirement is absolute. The Statute of Frauds belongs to that middle category. And where the law does require a particular form, Article 1357 lets a party compel the other to observe it once the contract has been perfected — so the answer to a missing document is often to obtain one, not to abandon the claim.
What matters if you are on either side of this
If you are being sued on an oral agreement and want to rely on the writing requirement, the objection has to be raised properly and early, and you must be careful not to accept any further benefit under the contract in the meantime. If you are the one claiming payment, build the case out of conduct: receipts, deposits, delivery records, messages confirming figures, and anything showing the other side took what it bargained for. Those documents usually matter more than the absence of a signed contract.
Cases citing this provision
These Supreme Court decisions cite the provision above. We list them so you can read them yourself; the summaries of what each decided are not ours to give.
- Estate of Valeriano C. Bueno and Genoveva I. Bueno, represented by Valeriano I. Bueno, G.R. No. 205810, September 9, 2020 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Lorenzo Willy, substituted by his heirs, namely: Felicidad D. Willy, Betty Willy Cadangen, Tony, G.R. No. 207051, December 1, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Marito and Maria Fe Serna vs. Tito and Iluminada Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 237291, February 1, 2021 — read the decision on LawPhil →
- Spouses Cipriano Pamplona and Bibiana Intac vs. Spouses Lilia I. Cueto and Vedasto Cueto, G.R. No. 204735, February 19, 2018 — read the decision on LawPhil →
Related provisions
- Civil Code, Article 1405 — Ratification Under the Statute of Frauds
- Civil Code, Article 1356 — Form of Contracts
- Civil Code, Article 1357 — Right to Compel Execution of Form