Short answer. Article 328 of the Revised Penal Code singles out damage done to obstruct public functions, damage using poisonous or corrosive substances, the spreading of infection among cattle, and damage to the National Museum or National Library, archives, registries, waterworks, roads, promenades or anything used in common by the public.
What the law says
Any person who shall cause damage to obstruct the performance of public functions, or using any poisonous or corrosive substance; or spreading any infection or contagion among cattle; or who causes damage to the property of the National Museum or National Library, or to any archive or registry, waterworks, road, promenade, or any other thing used in common by the public
Revised Penal Code, Article 328 — Special Cases Of Malicious Mischief. Read the full provision →
What makes these cases "special"
Malicious mischief is the deliberate damaging of another's property for its own sake, without the taking that would make it theft or robbery. Article 328 pulls out a set of situations the Code treats more gravely, and the pattern behind them is public harm. Two of the categories look at the purpose or means of the damage — done in order to obstruct the performance of public functions, or carried out using a poisonous or corrosive substance. Two look at the target — the spread of infection or contagion among cattle, and damage to public repositories and public infrastructure. In each, the injury runs past the individual owner to the community.
The catch-all at the end
The listed targets close with any other thing used in common by the public, which is the phrase that does most of the work in practice. Waterworks, roads and promenades are examples, not an exhaustive list, and the same logic reaches other facilities the public depends on and uses in common. The reference to archives and registries is worth noting separately: the harm there is the destruction of records the public relies on to prove rights, which cannot simply be replaced by paying for a document. That is a different order of loss from a broken window, and the article's structure reflects it.
The peso brackets come from RA 10951
The penalty depends on how much damage was caused, and the figures in the text above are those set by Republic Act No. 10951 (2017), which revised the property values and fines throughout the Revised Penal Code. Damage above two hundred thousand pesos falls in the highest bracket; damage above forty thousand but not exceeding that figure falls in the middle; damage of forty thousand pesos or less falls in the lowest. This matters when reading the Code elsewhere, because many printed and online copies still carry the original 1930 amounts, which are far lower and long superseded. Check which version any source is giving you before relying on a peso figure.
What has to be proved, and what the article leaves out
The damage must be deliberate. Article 328 is not a route to prosecute an accident, however costly, and negligent damage is dealt with elsewhere in the Code. The value of the damage must also be established, since it selects the bracket — so estimates, receipts, repair quotations and photographs matter from the first day. The article deals only with the criminal side; the civil liability for restoring or paying for what was destroyed runs alongside it. Where property was taken rather than merely damaged, or where violence was used against a person, entirely different provisions govern, so record precisely what happened.