Short answer. Only that you are an heir. Article 1630 of the Civil Code provides that a person who sells an inheritance without enumerating the things of which it is composed is answerable only for their character as an heir. You do not warrant the contents, quantity, or value of the estate.
What the law says
One who sells an inheritance without enumerating the things of which it is composed, shall only be answerable for his character as an heir.
Civil Code, Article 1630 — Sale of an Inheritance in Bulk. Read the full provision →
The single warranty in a bulk sale of inheritance
Article 1630 of the Civil Code provides a precise and limited rule: One who sells an inheritance without enumerating the things of which it is composed, shall only be answerable for his character as an heir. When you sell your entire share of an inheritance without specifying what properties or rights make it up, you make only one warranty — that you are in fact an heir of the decedent. The buyer acquires whatever the inheritance actually contains, with all its uncertainties, and cannot come back to the seller if the estate turns out to be smaller, different, or less valuable than the buyer expected.
What the seller is not responsible for
The flip side of Article 1630 is what the seller does not warrant. The seller does not represent that the estate contains specific properties. The seller does not guarantee the value of the inheritance. The seller does not warrant that there will be no debts or liabilities in the estate that will reduce what the buyer ultimately receives. The buyer in a bulk sale of an inheritance assumes the risk of the estate's actual composition. If specific items that the buyer believed were in the estate are not there, the seller cannot be held liable for their absence, as long as the seller is genuinely an heir.
Why the distinction between bulk and enumerated sale matters
The law distinguishes between two types of inheritance sales. In a bulk sale — covered by Article 1630 — the seller transfers the inheritance as a whole, whatever it may contain. In a sale that enumerates specific items, the seller would be responsible for those specific things. The reason for the limited warranty in a bulk sale is that the seller is not representing specific content — the buyer is buying a share of an estate whose contents they could have independently investigated. If the buyer wanted specific guarantees about particular properties, they should have required those to be enumerated in the contract. By agreeing to a bulk sale, the buyer accepts the estate as-is.
Practical implications for sellers
If you have already completed a bulk sale of your inheritance, you are in a legally protected position regarding the contents of the estate. Your only exposure is the warranty of your status as heir. If a buyer claims that you defrauded them by not disclosing the estate's actual composition, Article 1630 answers that claim: in a bulk sale, you were not required to enumerate or guarantee the composition. The buyer took on that risk. If, however, you are not actually an heir — if your claim to the inheritance is invalid — then you breach the one warranty Article 1630 requires, and the buyer would have a claim against you on that basis.