Short answer. Yes. Abandonment of a child is an expressly listed ground for disinheriting a parent under the Civil Code. If your parent abandoned you when you were a child, you may state that ground in your will and exclude them from inheriting from you.
What the law says
When the parents have abandoned their children
Civil Code, Article 920 — Grounds to Disinherit Parents and Ascendants. Read the full provision →
Abandonment is a ground for disinheriting a parent
Article 920 of the Civil Code lists the grounds on which you may disinherit your parents or other ascendants. The very first item is when the parents have abandoned their children. If your parent left you without care or support when you were a child, that abandonment is legally sufficient to justify excluding them from your estate. The right applies whether the parent is legitimate or illegitimate, and it extends to other ascendants such as grandparents. You do not need a court declaration of abandonment to use this ground — but the will must state the reason expressly.
Other grounds under the same article
Article 920 lists seven additional grounds beyond abandonment. A parent may also be disinherited if they: induced their daughters to live a corrupt or immoral life or attempted against their virtue; were convicted of an attempt against the testator's life or the life of their spouse, descendants, or ascendants; made a false criminal accusation against the testator that carried a potential sentence of six years or more; were convicted of adultery or concubinage with the testator's spouse; used fraud, violence, intimidation, or undue influence to make the testator execute or change a will; lost parental authority for causes stated in the Code; or refused to support their children without justifiable cause.
How to disinherit in a will
A valid disinheritance must be made in a valid will and must expressly state the ground. You cannot disinherit a parent simply by leaving them out of the will without explanation — a silent omission is treated differently under the rules on preterition. The will should identify the parent being disinherited and state clearly that the disinheritance is based on abandonment. The ground stated must be one of those recognized by law. If the disinheritance is later challenged, it falls on the heirs defending it to prove the ground actually occurred.
What this does and does not affect
Disinheriting your parent removes their right to inherit from you — both under the will and by intestate succession. It does not affect any obligations you may currently have toward them, such as the legal duty to provide support, which is separate from inheritance rights. It also does not affect the rights of your own children or other heirs. If the disinheritance is valid and the parent is properly excluded, your estate will be distributed among whoever you have named in the will, subject to the legitime rights of any other compulsory heirs.