Short answer. Not yet. Article 946 of the Civil Code says that if the thing bequeathed is subject to a usufruct, you as legatee or devisee must respect that right until it is legally extinguished. You receive the property burdened by the usufruct and cannot displace the usufructuary while the right lasts.
What the law says
If the thing bequeathed should be subject to a usufruct, the legatee or devisee shall respect such right until it is legally extinguished.
Civil Code, Article 946 — A Thing Subject to Usufruct. Read the full provision →
You take the property, but subject to the usufruct
Article 946 is direct: If the thing bequeathed should be subject to a usufruct, the legatee or devisee shall respect such right until it is legally extinguished. This means the gift reaches you as it stood — with the usufruct already attached. You become the owner, but the usufructuary keeps the right to use the property and take its fruits. Full, unencumbered possession is not something you can seize while that right remains in force.
What 'until it is legally extinguished' means
The burden is not permanent. A usufruct ends in the ways the law provides — for example, on the death of the usufructuary or the expiry of its term, among the causes the Civil Code recognises. The article ties your obligation to respect the usufruct to that moment: until it is legally extinguished. When the usufruct ends by law, the right to use and enjoy the property consolidates in you as owner, and only then does full possession fall due to you.
The limits of your position in the meantime
While the usufruct runs, you cannot treat the property as if it were free of it — you must respect the usufructuary's lawful use and enjoyment. That does not strip you of ownership; it simply postpones full possession. The article does not tell you the usufruct has no end, nor that you must wait forever; it tells you to wait for the lawful end. If you are unsure when or how the usufruct terminates, or you believe it has already ended, check its terms and the Civil Code's grounds for extinguishment, and take advice before acting, since moving too early can put you in the wrong.
What you can still do as owner
In the meantime you are not powerless. As owner you may still deal with your naked ownership — you can sell it or transfer it — but a buyer takes it exactly as you hold it, subject to the same usufruct, since you cannot pass on more than you have. You are not answerable for how the usufructuary uses the property within his rights, and he in turn must return it in the state the law requires when the usufruct ends. Keeping a record of the property's condition now is sensible, because it is the owner who has the real interest in seeing the thing preserved for the day full possession finally arrives.