Short answer. Under Article 763, your father has four years from the birth of his first child — which is you, if you are the first — to bring a revocation action. The period runs from the birth itself, not from when he learned of any legal rights. This action cannot be waived or renounced in advance.
What the law says
The action for revocation or reduction on the grounds set forth in article 760 shall prescribe after four years from the birth of the first child, or from his legitimation, recognition or adoption, or from the judicial declaration of filiation, or from the time information was received regarding the existence of the child believed dead.
Civil Code, Article 763 — Four Years to Bring the Action. Read the full provision →
When and why the law allows revocation
A person who has no children or descendants at the time of making a donation may later find that the donation impairs what they now owe those children. Article 763 links back to Article 760, which covers several events that justify revocation or reduction: the birth of a child after the donation was made, discovering that a child thought dead is actually living, and later adoption of a minor child. The underlying idea is that the donor made the gift before having dependents to protect; the law gives a window to undo or scale back the gift when circumstances change.
Where the four-year period begins
Article 763 is precise about the starting point. For a child born after the donation, the four years run from the birth of the first child. If the child was believed dead and later found alive, the period runs from the time the donor received information about the child's existence. For adoption, it runs from the date the adoption takes effect. For recognition or legitimation, it runs from the date of the legal act. These starting points are fixed by the statute and cannot be shifted by private agreement.
The right cannot be waived and passes to heirs
Article 763 states plainly that this action cannot be renounced — any advance waiver is void. This protects the children who will eventually benefit from the revocation. It also provides that if the donor dies before the four-year window closes, the action is transmitted to the donor's legitimate and illegitimate children and descendants. They may continue or initiate the revocation action within whatever time remains of the four-year period, protecting the inheritance share the donation would otherwise have diminished.
How revocation or reduction works
Revocation returns the donated property to the donor entirely. Reduction scales back the donation to the extent that it prejudices the compulsory share of the children who came after. Which remedy applies depends on how much the donation ate into the estate and the number of compulsory heirs now entitled to protection. If your father's donation consumed property that would have formed part of the legitime you and any siblings are entitled to, a reduction claim — even after full revocation is no longer possible — may still protect your share of the estate when the succession eventually opens.