Short answer. Fifteen days. A petition for review must be filed within fifteen days from notice of the judgment, final order or resolution appealed from, or of the denial of a motion for new trial or reconsideration filed in due time. The Supreme Court may grant one extension of thirty days only, for justifiable reasons.
What the law says
The petition shall be filed within fifteen days from notice of the judgment or final order or resolution appealed from, or of the denial of the petitioner's motion for new trial or reconsideration filed in due time after notice of the judgment.
Rule 45, Section 2 — Time for filing; extension. Read the full provision →
Fifteen days, counted from one of two events
Rule 45 fixes the period in a single sentence: the petition shall be filed within fifteen days from notice of the judgment or final order or resolution appealed from, or of the denial of the petitioner's motion for new trial or reconsideration filed in due time after notice of the judgment. The starting point is therefore whichever applies to you — notice of the decision itself, or, if you first sought reconsideration or new trial below and did so on time, notice of the denial of that motion. Either way the count begins at notice, the date of actual receipt, so record that date the moment the mail or the e-service arrives.
The extension: thirty days, and only on strict terms
The rule allows breathing room, but rations it. On motion duly filed and served, with full payment of the docket and other lawful fees and the deposit for costs before the expiration of the reglementary period, the Supreme Court may for justifiable reasons grant an extension of thirty days only. Read the conditions as a checklist: the motion must be filed and served, the docket and other lawful fees fully paid, the deposit for costs made — all before the original fifteen days run out — and even then the grant is discretionary, for justifiable reasons, capped at thirty days with no second helping. An extension motion filed on time but with fees unpaid fails its own requisites.
Planning the fifteen days realistically
A petition to the Supreme Court is not a form; it is a full pleading that must present the questions raised and comply with the Court's requirements, and drafting one well inside fifteen days is demanding. So decide early. If the adverse decision has just arrived, the first week is for the go or no-go call with counsel — including whether reconsideration below is the wiser first step — and the second is for building the petition or the extension motion, fees ready. Treat the thirty-day extension as insurance to be applied for deliberately and early, not a safety net to discover in the final forty-eight hours.