Short answer. Yes. Article 1097 says a partition may be rescinded or annulled for the same causes as contracts. So the grounds that let you undo a contract, such as fraud, mistake, intimidation, or in the cases the law allows, injury or lesion, can also be invoked to set aside a completed partition of an estate.
What the law says
A partition may be rescinded or annulled for the same causes as contracts.
Civil Code, Article 1097 — Partition May Be Rescinded Like a Contract. Read the full provision →
A partition is treated like a contract among heirs
When co-heirs divide an estate, the partition is more than a bookkeeping exercise; it is an agreement about who gets what. Because it rests on the heirs' consent, the law measures its validity by the same yardstick it uses for contracts. Article 1097 provides that a partition may be rescinded or annulled for the same causes as contracts. So a partition is not immune from challenge just because it concerns an inheritance. If it suffers from a defect that would undo an ordinary agreement, it can be undone as well.
Annulment for vices of consent
A contract can be annulled when consent was defective, and the same applies to a partition. If an heir was led to agree through fraud, was mistaken about something essential, or was pressured by intimidation or undue influence, his consent to the division was not truly free. On those grounds the partition can be annulled. The heir who was deceived or coerced is not bound to live with a division he never genuinely agreed to, and the law gives him a route to have it set aside.
Rescission for injury
Beyond defects in consent, a partition may also be rescinded for the kinds of injury that justify rescinding a contract. Where an heir has been prejudiced, receiving markedly less than his rightful share in the circumstances the law recognises, rescission can be available to correct the imbalance. This gives an heir a remedy even where there was no fraud or coercion, but the division still left him significantly shortchanged. As with contracts, rescission aims to repair the harm rather than to punish.
Practical limits
Because the partition is judged by contract rules, it also borrows their limits. Actions to annul or rescind must be brought within the periods the law fixes, and the right can be lost through ratification or by letting the time run. An heir who suspects his partition was tainted should therefore act rather than wait. The lesson of Article 1097 is that a partition, though it settles an inheritance, remains open to the same challenges as any contract, and to the same defences and deadlines.